Heredity and family factors
Growth rate and final height vary among different ethnicities. Final adult height is strongly influenced by genetic basis. The height of the parents also affects the height of the child. A child’s height is a combination of genes that control height derived from parents.
At the same time, a number of factors in the environment, nutrition and exercise also affect height growth. From there, it is possible to estimate the height (H) of the child based on the height of the parents.
H son = (H mother + H father + 13)/2
H daughter = (H mother + H father – 13)/2
Diseases
The illness causes a reduction in the child’s weight gain, but can be reversed. However, prolonged moderate and severe malnutrition will lead to stunting in children. Without timely intervention, prolonged stunting in children will affect their stature and intelligence later in life. A number of endocrine, metabolic and genetic diseases are rare but important causes of growth and development disorders in children.
In addition, children often suffer from malnourishment at preschool age, so please choose a milk to help your baby gain weight well to ensure that your child’s weight is always under control and that he or she does not have rickets. Please.
Overweight, obesity
Overweight and obese children are usually taller than their age but when puberty is reached, their height stops growing and they tend to be lower than their peers. At the same time psychology of adolescence is afraid of fat want to lose weight fast so eating a diet of ice cream, lack of substance is also the reason affecting the fitness and height later.
Thus, in order for children to grow up healthy and tall, you must grasp the time of your baby’s development to have the right nutrition.
Environmental factors
Environmental factors affecting physical growth include the natural environment (altitude, climate, weather, seasons, diurnal rhythms, pollution levels, …) and social environment ( psychological stress, urbanization process, socioeconomic status, lifestyle, culture,…).
Children will have the ability to develop optimally physically and mentally if they are developed in a green, healthy environment. On the contrary, if the child has a bad living environment, it will greatly affect the child’s health, personality formation, and way of thinking. Parents should pay attention to the living environment of their children so that they can develop comprehensively.
Training
Exercise and physical activity also have a great influence on the physical development of children. Regular practice helps to relax the mind, good blood circulation, increase energy, improve muscles and bones… thereby helping the child’s body develop better.
Educational factor
Children who are lovingly guided and taught by their parents from a young age will help them develop their thoughts and shape their personality better than those who are not cared for and cared for.
Therefore, mothers should take the time to care and teach their children from a young age so that they have the best foundation for personality development. These are the factors that have a decisive influence on the development of children.
The influence of hormones
There are many hormones and growth factors involved in growth, but the role of each hormone varies according to a child’s stage of development.
During the fetal period, fetal growth depends mainly on maternal and placental factors. Maternal growth hormone (GH), insulin, and maternal growth hormone (IGF) do not cross the placental barrier and therefore do not directly affect fetal growth. The placenta plays an important role in controlling the growth of the fetus. The placental syncytocyte functions as an endocrine organ that secretes steroid hormones such as chriogonadoteophin, placental lactogen, GH, growth factors, and cytokines that act as paracrine or autocrine in fetal growth. .
In the postpartum period, GH is the main hormone involved in physical growth and body composition, acting directly or through effects on IGF-1, IGF-binding protein and weak acid subunits.
During puberty, hormones and sex steroids both increase, causing growth spurts and changes in body composition.
Nutritional factors
Nutrition plays an important role in the physical growth of children, especially during the first 1000 days of life (before birth until 2 years of age). Malnutrition slows growth, especially chronic undernutrition leading to stunting in children.
Conversely, overnutrition and reduced physical activity lead to increased growth and early puberty. So pay attention to your baby’s nutrition right from the womb and the first years of life to help him develop better day by day.