Reference #1
Patriotism and national pride is one of the most sacred feelings of every Vietnamese people. That sentiment is imbued in the nation’s soul and overflowing in the pages of poetry.
Nam Quoc Son Ha is such a poem!
Nam River and Mountain is not the only work of the Ly-Tran dynasties inspired by feelings about the country and the nation. Attached to a special historical situation – the heroic era of fighting against foreign invaders, it seems that the country and the nation are the top concerns of writers and poets. And so, patriotism and national pride became the main inspiration for literary works of this period.
Looking back at the compositions of the Ly – Tran dynasties, although the feelings of the country were expressed in different aspects and at different times, they were all very profound. In Chieu to move the capital, the worry about the fate of the country, the nation, the happiness of all peoples, hundreds of families is the biggest concern of the first emperor of the Ly dynasty. In Hich generals, hatred for the enemy, grief at the scene of the country being trampled and ravaged, the will to sacrifice himself for the water surged strongly in the heart of the Prince of Tran family. In Pho Gia about Kinh, it is the pride of victory of the nation and the desire for an eternal peace for the country of Senior General Tran Quang Khai.
Born in the blood of the resistance war against Song, Nam River and Mountain is Dai Viet’s declaration of independence and national sovereignty. This is the declaration of millions of Dai Viet hearts passionately and earnestly loving their country.
Let’s re-read the manifesto carefully to feel the intense, boiling emotions of a people:
Nam Quoc Son Ha Nam Emperor
However the natural pasteurized at a department
Like the breach of the hole invasion
Anhydrous acts as being unbeaten damaged craft.
Rivers and mountains of the South belong to the Southern people, that is the thought of the first two lines of the poem. This thought to us today is as natural as food and water. But on that day, when the feudal lords of the North had once turned our country into a district and were trying to restore their dominant position, how sacred and meaningful that thought really was! The national pride that has been forged over the past decades has turned into a standing posture as a human, face to face with the enemy. Reading the poem, my heart could not help but be moved.
If we look at it from the perspective of the original Chinese characters, it’s amazing. The verse is like a whip that hits the snobbish hegemonic face of the Chinese feudal court – who is launching a war of aggression to carry out the hegemony scheme. For the first time in their history of expansion, they encountered such a strong will, such a determined spirit! They have the Northern Kingdom (China), we also have the Southern Kingdom, and they have the Northern Emperor, we also have the Southern Emperor; Which one is inferior to each other! Words and poetic ideas show a high level of pride in their country and people. This is the pride that every Dai Viet subject has in the life-and-death struggle with the enemy.

Reference #3
“Our people have an ardent patriotic hearts. It is a precious tradition for all of us” (excerpt from “Our people’s patriotism” – Ho Chi Minh). Uncle Ho’s statement showed strong pride in patriotic tradition – a red thread throughout history. In any period or period, in the heroic history of our nation, that tradition is always shining. Associated with the event against the Song invaders at the end of 1076, the poem “Nam Quoc Son Ha” – the first declaration of independence of our nation clearly showed the deep and intense patriotism of the times. Dong A:
“Nam Quoc Son Ha Nam Emperor”
However the natural pasteurized at a department
Like the breach of the hole invasion
Anhydrous acts as being unbeaten damaged craft”
The first two verses have raised a true thought: The rivers and mountains of the South belong to the Southern people. In the original Chinese characters, that thought is highlighted more deeply and intensely: “Nam Quoc Son Ha Nam De settled”. The verse is like a firm declaration of the nation’s sovereignty: “Nam Quoc” – “Nam De”: the South belongs to the King of the South, placed in a parallel position, on an equal footing with the North: “Southern kingdom” – “Northern Kingdom” and “Southern De” – “Northern Emperor”. If the Song army invades as a powerful country, our South will also defend to the very end the land of an independent country. And this is further confirmed through the “sacred book”: “The book of heaven divides the land”, meaning that this exists as an obvious truth and no one can deny it. Thus, through the first two verses, we can see the patriotism expressed through the thought of national sovereignty and the sense of independence and self-reliance.
In the next two verses, we see that patriotism is clearly expressed through the iron belief in the inevitable victory of the struggle against foreign aggression and the defense of national independence and sovereignty:
“Like the breach of the hole invasion
Anhydrous acts as being unbeaten damaged craft”
The strong belief in the nation’s victory over the aggressor is the most concentrated and intense expression of patriotism. The author has drawn before the readers’ eyes a vision of the catastrophic defeat of the invading Song invaders, and at the same time, a strong belief in the strength of our people’s patriotism. The Song enemy must “be broken up” because they violated the “book of heaven”, went against the truth, and created a senseless war. Moreover, their defeat is inevitable because they have set foot to invade the South’s territory forever belongs to the South, and the war they have caused will definitely be overthrown by the power of the spirit. patriotic god of Dong A era.
“Nam Quoc Son Ha” deserves to be a heroic ancient angel, is the first declaration of independence imbued with patriotism about sovereignty, a sense of national independence and strong belief in the great victory of Vietnam. nation.

Reference #2
In the treasure of national literature, there are countless beautiful and meaningful reflections showing the patriotic spirit and national pride of his forefathers, one of which is the tragic epic “Nam Quoc Son Ha”. “- or also mentioned under the name “South River and Mountain” by Ly Thuong Kiet. The poem is the result of the national cultural quintessence, the heroic spirit and above all, the national pride and patriotism of our people during the period of national establishment and defense.
“Nam Quoc Son Ha” is written in the form of seven great words in Chinese with flamboyant prose as follows:
Nam Quoc Son Ha Nam Emperor
However the natural pasteurized at a department
Like the breach of the hole invasion
Anhydrous acts as being unbeaten damaged craft
In the people’s war against the Northern invaders, many heroic historical imprints were left, the Oa invaders, Han invaders, Tong invaders, Thanh invaders, etc., and the poem “Nam Quoc Son Ha” was composed during the war. resistance against the Song army, in the temple to worship the god on the Nhu Nguyet river line.
The poem shows the mettle as well as the unyielding will of our nation. Right at the beginning of the poem, the author affirmed the country’s sovereignty with a strong statement:
“Southern Kingdom Son Ha Nam Emperor”
The poem has two clear sides, the author uses very expressive and meaningful words, the tone is very strong and affirms the sovereignty of the country. The two words “Southern Kingdom” and “Southern De” are the two key words of the verse because the Northern invaders always despised our South country, they only considered the Northern Empire as the only empire ruling the world, they blatantly invaded the South. gliding, dominating our country to become a continent, a district and subject to supervision, containment and service of them. In order to maintain the independence, our people have constantly struggled and stood up to defend the country for thousands of years.
“Southern kingdom” not only means our South country, but more than that, it is the independence of sovereignty, the position of the South, the author’s way of saying affirms that we can completely stand on the same level as the North. The king who reigns in our South is as majestic and glorious as the other North. Show us the spirit of patriotism, pride and strong national pride.
However the natural pasteurized at a department
The verse is again a dialectical saying, affirming that “Southern rivers and mountains” belong to the Southern people living and enjoying, this is evidently determined by heaven. There is no body or a collective individual that can deny that. The brocade, each tree, the top of the tree, the boundary affirms the sovereignty of our people, is preserved in ancient history books, marked in the map of heaven and the world. No one has the right to change that fact!
Two verses with two affirmations with valid dialectic arguments, show us a truth that: Dai Viet country exists independently and has the sovereignty of a country, no one is infringed and has the right to change that!
To emphasize that, the author has emphasized and affirmed extremely strongly with two verses
Like the breach of the hole invasion
Anhydrous acts as being unbeaten damaged craft.
The book of heaven has saved the identity of the sovereign but why did the enemy dare to invade at that time. The question served as a stern reminder to the invaders that: they invaded and the borders of our South were nothing short of immoral, they violated the sovereignty of an entire nation, touching the hearts and minds of the people. self-respect of a resilient nation with immense independence and sovereignty. If they dare to trespass on that boundary, they will surely be defeated, which is certain to happen. They will be broken by heaven and earth, broken by the will and spirit of the people of the South, and have to bow their heads in defeat.

Reference #4
Patriotism is an abundant source of emotions throughout the flow of Vietnamese literature for thousands of years. In each different historical period, patriotic content is expressed in its own aspects. The poem “South River and Mountain” is said to have been composed by Ly Thuong Kiet during the anti-Song resistance war, which is considered the first declaration of independence of the Vietnamese people. The poem is a voice affirming independence, sovereignty and determination to defend that sovereignty against all invaders.
Talking about the birth of the poem, there are many different stories, including the legend that in 1077 the Song army invaded our country, Ly Thuong Kiet led his army to fight the enemy on Nhu Nguyet River, one night suddenly heard in the temple. River god Nhu Nguyet, has a voice reciting this poem. The birth of the poem is associated with spiritual beliefs that make the poem not only heroic but also sacred.
In the first two verses, the author affirmed the truth of independence and sovereignty:
“Southern Kingdom Son Ha Nam Emperor”
However the natural pasteurized at a department”
In the contemporary concept, “de” is the representative of the people for the country, so the meaning of poetry that needs to be understood broadly is that the rivers and mountains of the South are inhabited by the people of the South. This truth seems to be a simple and obvious thing, but it has been exchanged for sweat, blood, tears and sacrifices of his father. That is why the South is a sacred and heroic land that no one is allowed to encroach on. The first verse is an eloquent and eloquent declaration of the nation’s sovereignty and territory. The author self-proclaimed his nation “Nam Quoc”, calling the king of our country “the emperor”, that is the way to express national pride and self-respect. In the past, the Northern countries often looked down on and despised our country, considering Dai Viet as a colonial vassal country not an independent country, our kings were just princes under their rule every day. year to pay tribute. Just by calling that name, the author has put the South on par with other countries, affirming that our country is an independent country with its own territory and sovereignty that is not dependent on any power. We are also intelligent and talented emperors, not inferior to the kings of any other country. The verse not only resounds with pride and pride in the nation, but also a warning to the overbearing and extravagant northern imperialists.
The truth of the nation’s independence and sovereignty is not only proven by practical arguments but also confirmed by “the book of heaven”. The two words “of course” were uttered firmly, strongly, and firmly, which no one could object to. Rivers and mountains of the South have been destined in the book of heaven, witnessed by the gods, so it is sacred and inviolable. Anyone who dares to oppose the intention of placing his dirty heel on the southern border also means that he is going against the will of heaven, that person will be properly punished. The verse with divine colors makes the truth about independence and sovereignty more sacred and valuable.
After the eloquent affirmation of national independence and sovereignty, the author gave a stern warning to the enemy:
“Like the breach of the hole invasion?
Anhydrous acts as being unbeaten damaged craft”
The question resounded strongly, decisively and firmly towards the invaders. Considering them as “contradictory” means that the author has clearly distinguished the just and unjust nature of the war. If we fight for justice, we will reap the results of victory, while those wicked and unjust enemies will have to receive the consequences they deserve. The verse clearly shows the author’s angry and resentful attitude towards the enemy who brazenly goes against the truth and violates the will of God. The more angry, the higher the will, the last verse is like a powerful blow with great warning power to the inhuman enemies:
“Anhydrous acts as being unbeaten damaged craft”
At this point, the author directly called the enemy “we” with disdain and disdain. The verse expresses the will to fight and win against the invaders and the iron belief in the inevitable defeat of the enemy. With a short and concise form of seven-word quatrain poetry, with a strong and eloquent tone, the poem is placed in the context of the resistance war, which has great significance in encouraging, cheering, and motivating the fighting spirit. soldiers, as well as a stern warning to the invading enemy.
“Southern Rivers and Mountains” is the first declaration of independence of the Vietnamese people with strong patriotic inspiration. The patriotic inspiration with declarations of independence and sovereignty with the power to encourage the army and people and warn the enemy was later expanded and developed in two great national proclamations: Binh Ngo Dai Cao and Binh Ngo Dai Cao. Declaration of Independence.

Reference #5
National sovereignty has always been a hot issue not only at the present time but even in the distant past days. The “Southern Rivers and Mountains” can be considered as the first declaration of independence and sovereignty of our nation. The poem expresses the strong will and determination to protect the territorial sovereignty of the ancestors.
There are many different records about the origin of the song “Song and mountain in the South”, but they all have one thing in common: the poem was born in association with the nation’s resistance war against the invaders. Because there are different theories about the origin of the work, the poem is often left anonymous. The “Southern Rivers and Mountains” can be considered as the declaration of independence of the nation, carrying two major contents: Affirmation of national independence and the determination to protect that independence.
The first two sentences affirm national independence on the basis of territory and sovereignty:
“Southern Kingdom Son Ha Nam Emperor”
However the natural pasteurized at a department”
First of all, in terms of sovereignty, Dai Viet is a country with its own sovereignty, which is clearly shown through the phrase “Southern Emperor”. In the translation, the poem is translated as “the king of the South”. Here we need to make a clear distinction between emperor and king, because these are two very different concepts. “Emperor” is the sole, all-powerful, has the highest power; “Kings” are many, depending on the emperor, the power is behind the emperor. Therefore, when using the word do in the article, it strongly affirms the king’s right to the South, and when using “Nam De” it is equal to “Northern Emperor”, independent and independent of the South. Northern Emperor.
Regarding the territorial framework, our country has its own domain which is specified in the heaven book. Based on the book of our country is located in the south of Ngu Linh mountain in the territory of Duc and Chan stars. Based on the book of heaven to affirm the sovereignty of the country, it is very consistent with the psychology and beliefs of people in the past (believing in fate and destiny) so it has a stronger persuasion. At the same time, the heavenly books here also correspond to objective truth, through which the author implicitly asserts that the independence of our country is objective truth, not subjective will.
The following two sentences affirm our people’s determination to protect national independence. In these two verses, the author uses words with a scornful meaning “perverse” – the enemies do the opposite, to call the invaders. In addition to exposing the unjust nature of the war, the author also gives the form of a question “like ha” (why). Because what they do is unjust, contrary to the objective truth, so they will inevitably bring back death. The last verse is both an affirmation, as well as a warning and warning against their invasion: you will be completely defeated when you invade Dai Viet.
The poem uses a succinct and concise form of seven-word verse. The work has only twenty-eight words, but it contains great thoughts and feelings: affirming national independence and sovereignty and expressing the determination to fight to protect that independence. Condensed, sexy words: male emperor, playing with holes, like ha… Harmonious combination of expression and expression: the poem is more about presentation, but hidden deep inside are thoughts and feelings. author’s feelings. The poetic voice is solemn, heroic, full of confidence.
The poem is short and concise but contains no great and beautiful sentimental thoughts. The document is the first declaration of our nation about the independence and sovereignty of the country. The work has created faith and righteous strength for our people in the nation’s long-term resistance war.

Reference #7
“Southern Rivers and Mountains” is considered the first Declaration of Independence of Vietnam. Because it is a strong affirmation of the nation’s territorial sovereignty as well as upholding the will to defend that sovereignty against all enemies.
In 1077, the Song army led by Quach Quy invaded our country. King Ly Nhan Tong sent Ly Thuong Kiet to stop the enemy at the Nhu Nguyet River line. Suddenly, one night, the officer heard from inside the temple of two brothers, Truong Hong and Truong Hat – two good enemy generals of Trieu Quang Phuc who were revered as the river god Nhu Nguyet – a voice reciting this poem:
“Southern Kingdom Son Ha Nam Emperor”
However the natural pasteurized at a department
Like the breach of the hole invasion,
Anhydrous acts as being unbeaten damaged craft.
The first two verses are an affirmation of the territorial sovereignty of the nation and nation. In a feudal society, the entire territory, material wealth, and people of a country belonged to the king. The king is the one who has the power to decide everything, even the right to kill. The two words “Nam De” mean the emperor of the South, the word used to refer to the head of a country – showing equality with the North. The first verse resounds as an eloquent affirmation: The territory of the South must be ruled by the South. Not stopping there, the second verse continues to affirm that the above is an indisputable truth, it has been recorded in “the book of heaven” – the book of heaven. Eastern thought always attaches importance to heaven and earth. The sovereignty of the nation is recorded in the book of heaven, no one can deny it.
The truth is the same, but the reality is different. The enemy dared to send troops to invade our country. The next two verses clearly state the determination to protect the territorial sovereignty of the nation and nation. Rhetorical question is used as to demonstrate the absurdity in the war of the Song army: “Why did the enemy keep invading here?”. Those who invade the country of other peoples are doing against the will of heaven. That’s why the outcome would be so dire. The end of a senseless war is the defeat of the invading enemy. That is a proven fact of history. The last verse expresses the belief in the inevitable victory of the nation. That is based on the patriotism and deep determination of the people.
With a concise, concise, poetic form of seven words, a strong voice, and highly symbolic images, “Nam Quoc Son Ha” deserves to be called a “god poem”.

Reference #6
Considered the first declaration of independence of the Vietnamese nation, the divine poem “Nam Quoc Son Ha” by Prime Minister Ly Thuong Kiet has become an immortal poem. Not only affirming the issues of territory, sovereignty and independence of the Vietnamese nation, but the poem also shows the powerful spirit and national pride of the talented general Ly Thuong Kiet as well as the Vietnamese army. Vietnamese people in general. The poem is also an affirmation of the author’s strong statement against those who intend to invade that territory, infringing on the pride of a heroic nation.
During the war against the Song army of Dai Viet army and people, General Ly Thuong Kiet read the poem “Nam Quoc Son Ha” in the temple of two gods Truong Hong and Truong Hat. They are the two gods of Nhu Nguyet River. When this divine poem was resounded late at night, it was resounded majestically and firmly from a sacred temple, so it made the Song army extremely scared, they were extremely panicked, worried, and nervous. The enemy’s aura was rapidly declining. Thanks to that, our army and people were able to create an illustrious and heroic victory afterwards.
At the beginning of the poem, author Ly Thuong Kiet affirmed firmly and strongly on the issue of sovereignty and territorial boundaries of the Dai Viet nation, that is, the predetermined boundary, the living place of the Dai Viet people. Dai Viet people. This affirmation is not only the author’s assertion, but the author also gives sharp arguments, which is because “heavenly book” stipulates. That is, independence and sovereignty over that territory is regulated and witnessed by heaven and earth. An obvious fact that no one can deny:
“Rivers and mountains of the South, the king of the South lives in
Know your destiny in the book of heaven”
“Southern mountains and rivers” are objects owned by Southern people, also symbolic images not only for the boundary and sovereignty of men but also firmly affirm the ownership of “mountain rivers and mountains”. “It’s from the South. We can also see that this is the first time in a poetic work that the issue of national sovereignty has been affirmed so strongly and generously. Not only is a nation sovereign and territorial, but that nation also has a leader, manager, and master of the people of that country, which is the “Southern king”. That sovereignty, that territory is not chosen by the Southerners for themselves, the people there have only lived and worked for a long time, due to the fate of the “book of heaven”, that is. is a noble being, so all regulations and instructions of “heaven” are very valuable and very respectful.
“Clearly” is used to refer to the obvious, inevitable that anyone can recognize and distinguish. “Clearly the fate in the book of heaven” means that that territory, that sovereignty of the Southern people has been clearly recorded in the book of heaven. Thus, in the first two verses, the author Ly Thuong Kiet not only made a point that was a generous and sure affirmation of the territory, national boundaries and sovereignty and mastery of the Dai Viet people. With his country and people, the author is still very alert and sharp when giving correct and convincing arguments, but also presents a truth that no one, no force can deny. determine, reject it. The voice is magnanimous, strong, but cannot hide the pride of Ly Thuong Kiet himself about the sovereignty of his nation.
From the strong affirmation of the sovereignty of the Dai Viet nation, Ly Thuong Kiet loudly affirmed, as well as a warning to the enemy, that was the tragic end they would have to accept if knowing but still deliberately committed acts of invasion of the territory, causing suffering to the people of Dai Viet:
“Why does the enemy dare to invade
They will be beaten to death.”
The obvious fact is that “Southern mountains and rivers” are inhabited by Southern people and owned by Southern people. But the invaders did not care about that inevitable regulation, they intentionally violated Dai Viet is also an insult to the sanctity of morality and the law of heaven: “Why did the invaders invade” their actions. This extravagance and nonsense of theirs is worthy of criticism and even punishment in the most appropriate forms. And in this poem, author Ly Thuong Kiet also firmly affirmed the tragic ending for the country robbers, disregarding morality: “They will be beaten to death”. With all the strength as well as self-respect and righteousness of the Dai Viet nation, the invaders had only one outcome, an inevitable result of “being beaten to death”.
Thus, the divine poem “Nam Quoc Son Ha” is a poem, a poem with clear and profound political ideology, an eloquent and powerful manifesto of the Vietnamese nation. The poem expresses the pride of Vietnamese people about the sacred sovereignty of the nation, about the great strength of the people in the fight against foreign invaders.
