Top 6 Best Compilation “Explaining about a literary genre” (grade 8)

Part I

FROM OBSERVATION TO DESCRIPTION, CHARACTERISTICS OF A LITERATURE TYPE

Observe, listen – read

Carefully read the two poems Entering the Inspiring Cantonese Prison and Beating the Stone in Kunlun with the following orientation:

a. How many lines does each poem have? How many words does each line of poetry have? Can the number of lines and letters be changed?

b. Which languages ​​are called equal (denoted B) and which are called trigrams (denoted T)? Write the symbol B or T for each sound in the poem.

c. Comment on the relationship between the lines, knowing that if the upper line is equal to the lower line, it is called opposite, if the upper line is equal to the lower line, it is also said to be sealed together. Based on the observations, state the metric relationship between the lines.

d. Please tell me which words in each poem rhyme with each other, in what position in the line of the poem, is that rhyme equal to or verse.

e. Can you tell me how the seven-hour verse in the song is interrupted?

Detailed explanation:

1. Observing the Inspirational Cantonese Prison Poem

a) The poem has 8 lines, each line has 7 words (sound). The number of lines and letters is mandatory. Can’t arbitrarily add or subtract.

b) Tongue and triangulation:

Still a genius, still stylish.

(TBBTTBB)

If your legs are tired, go to jail.

(TTBBTTB)

Having been homeless in the four seas,

(T – T – B – B – B – T – T)

Another guilty person among the five continents.

(TBTTTBB)

Holding hands tightly to the economic partner,

(TB BTBBT)

The smile dispels the enmity.

(T – T – B – B – T – T – B)

The body is still there, the career is still there.

(BTTBBTT)

How much danger is afraid of what strawberry.

(BBBTTBB)

c) Lines 1 and 2 are opposite (the voice is equal, the voice of fatigue), lines 2 and 3 are mutually exclusive (the voice of the voice of the man is equal to the voice of the voice of the voice of the voice of the man of the degree of the equal of the equal of the voice of the man of the voice of the man of the voice of the equal), the lines of the third and the fourth of the lines are opposite to each other (the voice of the voice of the voice of the man of the voice of the man of the word of the man of the word of the man of the equal of the voice of the man of the voice of the man of the word), Lines 3 and 4 overlap each other (people’s voice, voice are equal), lines 4 and 5 are opposite (sound of hand and mouth), lines 5 and 6 overlap (voice of mouth, voice of voice), line 6 and 7 opposite each other (the sound is equal, the voice is many equals), lines 7 and 8 overlap each other (the voice is equal, the voice is equal). The equal-measure system is calculated from the second syllable of each line of poetry. The second syllable in the first line of this poem is equal, so the poem is equal.

d) In this poem, the tone of voice and opposite verses have contributed to the resonance and rhythm of the poem.

e) The verses in the 4/3 beat break.

2. Poems Beating Stones in Kunlun

a) The poem has 8 lines, each line has 7 words (sound). The number of lines and letters is mandatory. Can’t arbitrarily add or subtract.

b) Tongue and triangulation:

Standing in the middle of the land of Kunlun,

(BBTTTBB)

Magnificent makes mountains avalanche.

(BTBBTTB)

Picking up a hammer to smash five or seven piles,

(T – T – T – B – B – T – T)

Break out hundreds of stones.

(BBTTTBB)

The days of preserving the connoisseur’s body,

(TBBTBBT)

Rain and sun are more durable.

(BTBBTTB)

Those who patch up the sky when they miss a step,

(TTTBBTT)

No matter how hard it is to tell the story of your children.

(B- B – B – T – T – B – B)

c) Lines 1 and 2 are opposite, lines 2 and 3 are opposite… The poem is made in equal form.

d) The words with the same rhyme are the last words of the lines: 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 (rhyme on). It is an equal rhyme.

e) Verses in the 4/3 stanza.

Part II

PRACTICE

Sentence 1 (page 154 of Textbook of Literature 8 Volume 1):

Through the short stories you have read (I went to school, Lao Hac, The Last Leaf,…), explain the characteristics of the short story genre.

Detailed explanation:

Opening:

– Give the definition of short story

Post body:

State the main features of the short story

+ Features of capacity: the number of pages is small, not long.

– Features of events and characters: few characters and events because the volume of short stories is not large. Usually just a few characters and minor events.

– Features of the plot:

+ Takes place in a narrow time and space

+ Do not express the whole life, but express it in time

– Meaning: Bringing human meaning, social meaning.

Conclusion: State your own feelings:

+ About the beauty and attractiveness of short stories

+ Suitable for today’s urgent working life

I. BASIC KNOWLEDGE NEEDED

Narrative about a literary genre is a difficult type of interpretation. Because, in order to draw important insights for interpretation, students must have certain knowledge about poetry: the law of equals – trigrams, rhymes, seals, counters, rhythms, etc. Just like that, Only your demonstration will be fruitful. The law of equals – trigrams, rhymes, seals, opposites, rhythms… are tools and means for children to discover and perceive poetry in general and Vietnamese poetry in particular.

Using the above tool, the students will observe, discover and discover the characteristics of two poems Into the Cantonese Prison Inspiration and Beating the Stone in Kunlun. You will discover:

– This is a form of eight-word seven-word verse (each line has seven hours, each poem has eight lines of poetry).

– The rhythm of poetry is usually 4/3:

Holding hands tightly / economic partner,

Open mouth laugh / feud.

That body is still there, / still has a career

How much danger / fear nothing.

(Go to Quang Dong prison to feel)

Month of preservation / connoisseur body,

The more durable the rain and the sun, the more durable it is.

Heaven patchers / when they miss a step,

How difficult it is to tell / child’s affairs.

(The rock dam in Kunlun)

When reading a line of poetry, after a certain number of words, meaning, they pause for a moment before reading the entire line. Those pauses are the pauses in the lines of the poem.

– The symbol of the bar (sharp, question, fall, heavy) is T, and the bar is equal (horizontal, profound) is B. The alternation of trigrams in the two poems is concretized as follows:

ENTERTAINING AN INTERNATIONAL GUANGDONG BATHROOM

T – B – B – T / – T – B – OVER

T – T – B – B / – T – T – B

T – T – B – B / – B – T – T

T – B – T – T / – T – B – OVER

T – B – B – T / – B – B – T

T – T – B – B / – T – T – B

B – T – T – B / – B – T – T

B – B – B – T/ – T – B – B

Smashing Rocks in Conlon

B – B – T – T / – T – B – B

B – T – B – B / – T – B – B

T – T – T – B / – B – T – T

B – B – T – T / – T – B – B

T – B – B – T / – B – B – T

B – T – B – B / – T – T – B

T – T – T – B / – B – T – T

B – B – B – T / – T – B – B

Based on this B – T rotation, the children can find the seal and opposite in the poem:

– Seal (stick together): The sound of the upper line and the corresponding sound of the lower line are B. Example:

As a man standing in the middle of Kunlun,

Magnificent makes mountains avalanche.

(make / illustrator: seal together)

– For: The sound of the upper line B and the corresponding sound of the lower line T. For example, in the two lines of the poem above, the son / turns to each other.

II. INSTRUCTIONS FOR LEARNING LESSONS

Reference to write the commentary on the Poetry of the Eight Words.

THOUGHT POETICS

a) Tang Lu’s non-verbal poetry has strict rules (i.e., the regulation of equalization and inspection in each sentence and each article) is very strict. If the second syllable of the first verse has an equal tone, then the verse is in the form of equalization, and the second syllable is a trio.

For example:

– Can be equal to: The sound of a rooster crowing on a bomb

– Geometrics: Nature causes theater costs

The body is considered to be the main body, and the equal body is the variation.

b) The sentences in the lesson must stick together, it is called sealing. Degrees and diplomas, and diplomas and degrees follow a system as follows:

• The second language, verse I, is sealed with the second language, verse VIII.
• The second language of verse II is sealed with the second language of verse III.
• The second language, sentence IV, is sealed with the second language, sentence V.
• The second language of verse VI is sealed with the second language of verse VII.

In short: first – bowl, second – tam, four – five, green – that.

c) Tang Lu’s seven-word poem only uses equal rhyme and is only spelled with one rhyme (single syllable), in general, the four-sentence poem (four syllables) is three syllables, and the eight-sentence poem (bat ku) is five syllables, with exceptions. .

– Exceptions on the law of equal measure (called the rule regardless):

Regardless of whether the first word, the third word, or the fifth word in the sentence is not counted by trilogy, it is still not considered a failure of the law.

– Exceptions on how to evade rhymes:

If you want to avoid rhyme, the two sentences that escape rhyme (ie the first two sentences) have to be opposite each other (called double Phong).

For example:

Ignorant white eyes life is not you

The old man with the green head of the old man…

An occult song must have six opposing sentences.

d) Below is the list of rules and rhymes of the poetic form of Tang Luat (with exception)

– Body language loss eight owls.

For example: THROUGH HOWEVER

Stepping to the Ngang Pass, the shadow of the chariot,

Chen stone plants, leaves flowers chen.

Crouching under the mountain, spending a few uncles,

Few sporadic riverside home market.

Missing the country hurts, the son of the nation,

Trade the mouth so adhered fatigue.

Stop, stop, sky, mountains, water,

A piece of me with my own situation.

(Mrs. Huyen Thanh Quan)

– Can be in seven words eight owls:

Example: COLLECTION

Cold pond water is clear collected,

A tiny fishing boat atrophy.

The blue waves follow the slightly rippled waves,

Yellow leaves swaying gently in the wind.

Clouds floating in the blue sky,

The winding bamboo alley is empty.

Can’t let go of the pillow for a long time,

Where is the fish moving under the duck’s feet.

(Nguyen Khuyen)

In terms of layout, the apocalyptic poem has four parts (topic, fact, thesis, conclusion):

+ The topic includes the sentence breaking the topic and the topic. This is the opening part, preparing the atmosphere for the whole lesson.

+ The truth consists of two sentences III and IV opposite each other. This is the part of developing the idea from the thesis sentence, such as describing the scene, describing the work, interpreting the idea, explaining, preparing for the essay, or having an implicit idea in it.

+ The essay consists of two opposing sentences V and VI, with the function of commenting and commenting, usually developing from the ideas in two real sentences, and sometimes confused with two real sentences.

+ The conclusion consists of two sentences VII and VIII that have the function of closing the lesson, but usually it is a suggestion, opening a new idea that makes the reader feel uneasy,…

Note: The rhythmic break in the seven-word verse “Tang Luat” is in the form of 4/3, or 2/2/3, creating a gentle, flexible and soft rhythm. The traditional seven-syllable verse is broken in 3/4 or 3/2/2 rhythm, combined with the mixed rhyme of both flat and metrical, both foot and back rhyme, creating a strong verse rhythm.

(Dinh Trong Lac, Vietnamese 11, SGV, Education Publishing House, Hanoi, 2000).

III. TRAINING INSTRUCTIONS

1. Make an outline to explain the characteristics of the short story (Based on some short stories learned such as: I went to school, Lao Hac, The Last Leaf).

a) Opening lesson

Short story definition:

For example: “Short story is a form of small narrative… focusing on describing an event, an action, a certain state in a character’s life, expressing an aspect of personality or a side. something of social life”.

b) Body

List the main features of the short story:

– Features of capacity: the number of pages is small, not long.

Point out this feature in the three short stories I Go to School, Lao Crane, and The Last Leaf.

– Features of events and characters: few characters and events because the volume of short stories is not large. Usually it’s just one or two characters with a few minor events.

Analyze I go to school, Lao Hac, The Last Leaf to see more clearly and specifically about this.

– Features of the plot:

Occurs in a narrow space and time.

+ Do not tell the entire process of human life, but often choose a certain period, time or moment to present.

Continue to analyze the three works above.

– Meaningful:

Although the story is short, the volume is not much, but it is not, so the social significance of the short story is not great. There are stories of short length but profound social meaning.

Point out the great social significance of three works I went to school, Lao Hac and The Last Leaf.

c) Conclusion

State your feelings:

– About the beauty, about the attractiveness of short stories.

– Suitable for the urgent working life in the current period.

I. From observation to description and description of a literary genre

Topic: Explaining the characteristics of the eight-word seven-word poetic form

1. Observe

a, Each poem has 7 hours, the number of lines and words is mandatory and cannot be arbitrarily added or removed.

b, Using diametrical notation for two poems Into the Cantonese Prison Inspiration and Beating the Stone in Kunlun

Still a genius, still stylish

( TBBT/ – T- B- B )

If you run out of legs, go to jail

( T-TBBTTB)

Been homeless in the four seas

(T-T-B-B-BTT)

Again a sinner among the five continents

( T-B- T- TTBB)

Holding hands tightly to the economy

( T- B- B- TB- BT)

A smile melts away the enmity

( T- T- B- T- T- B)

That body is still there, there is still a career

( B- T- T- T/ B- TT)

How much danger is afraid.

( B- BB- T- T- T- B)

c, Seal the law of the poem:

+ Seal (stick together) the sound of the upper line corresponding to the lower line is B

+ For: the sound of the upper line B corresponds to the sound of the lower line T

d, The words at the end of the sentence always rhyme with each other, sentences 1- 2- 4- 6- 8

e, Regular parity break: 4/3 ; 2/2/3

II. Practice
Explanation of the characteristics of the short story

a) Opening lesson

– Introduction to short stories

– Short stories learned: I went to school, Lao Crane, The Last Leaf

b) Body: Features of the short story

– Form and genre:

+ Short story is a literary genre in the form of small narrative.

+ Short stories are different from medium stories in small capacity, focusing on describing a piece of life, a story, an action, a certain state in the character’s life, expressing an aspect of personality or a some aspect of social life.


Evidence from the works studied:

+ The short story “I go to school” by Thanh Tinh records an important event in a child’s life when he enters the school world from the family world.

+ In O’Henri’s “Last Leaf”, it is about Jonzi being hugged and waiting to die; the fact that old Behrman quietly painted the last leaf in a fierce snowy night to save the girl’s river, and he died after finishing that masterpiece.

+ In “Old Hac”, Nam Cao recorded the last life of a poor, lonely old farmer, but before he died, he was very worried about his son when he returned.

→ Short stories often have few characters and events.

The plot of the short story:

Usually takes place in a limited space and time. It does not tell the whole process of a person’s life, but chooses moments and slices of life to express.

Quote

+ “I go to school” is only recorded during the first school day on the way from home to school, on the school grounds, in the classroom;

+ “Old Crane” is just the last moment of the character’s life from the old man’s house to the teacher’s house;

+ The last leaf is recounted in the days when Jonzi was sick in a small room with a window overlooking the ivy.

Short story structure:

+ Usually the arrangement of contrasts and contrasts to highlight the theme, such as the contrast between mother and child and new feelings for school, teachers, friends in the child’s mood (I going to school);

+ Between a life of poverty and a painful death with love and concern for the old Hac’s child (Lao Hac);

+ Between Jonzi’s return to life and Bemel’s departure, between the fallen ivy leaf and the last leaf that remains forever on the wall (The Last Leaf).

– Comment: The above characteristics have made the volume of short stories often short. But that is not why the short story does not deal with the great problems of life such as Old Crane or The Last Leaf. And if we read the works of the masters of this genre, it becomes even more obvious.

c) Conclusion: Emphasize the characteristics of the short story.

a) Observe, listen – read
– What poems have you read in the form of apocalyptic eight owls?
Carefully read the two poems Entering the Inspiring Cantonese Prison and Beating the Stone in Kunlun with the following orientation:
– How many lines does each poem have? How many words does each line of poetry have? Can the number of lines and letters be changed?
– Which languages ​​are called equal (symbol B) and what language is called trigram (symbol T)? Write the symbol B or T for each syllable in the poem, for example:

Kicking in Kunlun:
Being a boy standing in the middle of Kunlun
(B – B – T – T – T – B – B)
Magnificent makes mountains avalanche.
(B – T – B – B – T – T – B)
Picking up a hammer to smash five or seven piles,
(T – T – T – B – B – T – T)
Break out hundreds of stones.
(B – B – T – T – T – B – B)
The days of preserving the connoisseur’s body,
(T – B – B – T – B – B – T)
Rain and sun are more durable.
(B – T – B – B – T – T – B)
Those who patch up the sky when they miss a step,
(T – T – T – B – B – T – T)
How difficult is it to tell your child’s story!
(B – B – B – T – T – B – B)
– The pentagram of the pentagram has the following rules of correspondence and sealing:
+ If the equal (or equal) sound in the upper line corresponds to the tone (or equal) in the lower line, it is said to be opposite (for example, son for the paddle);
+ If the sound equals (or trigram) in the upper line corresponds to the sound of equal (or trich) in the lower line, it is called a seal (for example, a seal with a hammer);
Based on the concept of opposites and seals above, let’s draw comments on the relationship of equals – trigrams between lines of poetry.
– The pentagram of the pentagram must adhere to the principle of rhyme:
+ Rhyme is a part of a language, excluding tones and first consonants (if any), rhyme is the similarity of rhyme between words (for example, rhyme on in the above poem);
+ The rhyme is a rhyme with a profound and horizontal bar, with a question, fall, sharp, and heavy rhyme.
Please tell me which two poems above rhyme together, is that rhyme rhyme or rhyme?
– Comment on how to break the rhythm of the verses in the two poems. Eg:
The sky patchers / when they miss a step (beat 4/3)
Pay attention to abnormal rhythm interruptions.

b) Each literary genre has its own characteristics, the explanation of a literary genre is the explanation of those particular points. The explanation of literary genres should be associated with the method of giving examples to concretize the problem.

c) Make an outline

– Opening:
Answering the question What is a lost language poem?
– Body of the article: Answering the question of what form is the poetic form of the poem
+ Characteristics of the number of sentences and words;
+ The characteristics of the poetic form: Object, Niem, Rhythm, Rhythm;
– End:
State your feelings about the characteristics of poetic form (should be based on specific poems).

II. PRACTISE SKILL
1. Through the short stories you have read (I went to school, Lao Hac, The Last Leaf,…), explain the characteristics of the short story genre.
Suggestions:
– In terms of length – short;
– About the number of characters;
– About the story being told;
– About the meaning of short stories.
2. Read the following explanatory text and summarize the main ideas:

SHORT STORY
The short story is a form of mini-narrative. Short stories are different from medium stories in that they are small in size, focusing on describing a piece of life: an event, an action, a certain state in the character’s life, showing an aspect of the personality or an aspect of the character’s life. something of social life. Therefore, short stories often have few characters and events.
The plot of the short story usually takes place in a limited space and time. It does not tell the whole process of a person’s life, but chooses moments and “slices” of life to express. The structure of a short story is usually an arrangement of contrasts and contrasts to highlight the theme. Therefore, short stories are usually short.
Short stories, though short, can address many major issues of life. The work of many of the masters of this genre tells us that.
(According to the Literary Dictionary)
3. Compare the main ideas just summarized in the above text with the outline prepared in the above sentence to draw your own understanding of the main characteristics of the short story genre.

I. From observing, listening – reading to describing and explaining about a literary genre

Topic: Explaining the characteristics of the eight-word apocalyptic poetry.

1. Observe

Carefully read the two poems Entering the Inspirational Cantonese Prison and Breaking the Stone in Kunlun and then answer the questions: a. How many lines does each poem have and how many words does each line have? Is the number of lines and letters required? Is it possible to add or subtract at will? b. Voices with profound and horizontal tones are called equal, symbol B, and voices with question, fall, sharp, and heavy tones are called tren, symbol T. Please write the symbol equal, trio for each word in that poem. .c. Comment on the relationship between the lines, knowing that if the upper line is equal to the lower line, it is called “opposite”, if the upper line is equal to the lower line is also equal, it is called “mien”. ” together (stick together).

Based on the observations, state the numerical relationship between the lines. d. Rhythm is the part of the sound, excluding the accent marks and the first consonant (if any). Words that have the same rhyme, for example: an, than, can, man… are rhyming sounds. The rhyme with a profound or horizontal bar is called an equal rhyme, and a rhyme with a question, fall, sharp, and heavy bar is called rhyme. Please tell me which words in each poem rhyme with each other, in what position in the line, and whether they rhyme or rhyme.e. Poetry wants to be rhythmic, it must break the rhythm, where the pause is slightly stopped before reading to the end of the line. The pause also marks a meaningful pause. Can you tell me about the seven-hour verse in the beat break song?

Reply:

a. Observe:

• Observe the two poems Into the Inspiring Cantonese Prison and the Kunlun Stone Smash. – Each poem has 8 lines, each line has 7 hours, the number of lines and the number of words is mandatory according to regulations.
• Relationship by test according to regulations, especially in hours 2-4-6.
• Still fall a few sentences at the end of the line, rhyme with sentences 2-4-6-8: young, kiss, lotus, child. – Break the beat 4/3/ “Still a genius / still stylish. If your legs are tired, then / stay in jail”.

b. Record the law of equals and measurements. Words with accents, without accents (equal bar – B), remaining accents (thanh thanh – T)

Inspirational song Entering the Cantonese Prison

Still magnanimous, still stylish. (TBBTTBB)

If your legs are tired, go to jail. (TTBBTTB)

Has been homeless in the four seas, (T – T – B – B – B – T – T)

Another guilty person among the five continents. (TBTTTBB)

Holding hands to hug the economy, (TB BTBBT)

The smile dispels the enmity. (T – T – B – B – T – T – B)

The body is still there, there is a career, (BTTBBTT)

How much danger is afraid. (BBBTTBB)

Kicking in Kunlun

Being a man standing in the middle of Con Lon land, (BBTTTBB)

Magnificent makes mountains avalanche. (BTBBTTB)

Take a hammer to smash five or seven piles, (T – T – T – B – B – T – T)

Break out hundreds of stones. (BBTTTBB)

Months of preserving the connoisseur’s body, (TBBTTBBT)

Rain and sun are more durable. (BTBBTTB)

Those who patch the sky when they miss their steps, (TTTBBTT)

No matter how hard it is to tell the story of your children. (B- B – B – T – T – B – B)

c. Lines 1 and 2 are opposite, lines 2 and 3 overlap… The poem is made in equal form.
The words that rhyme with the same rhyme are the last words of the lines: 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 (rhyme on). It is an equal rhyme.
d. Verses in the 4/3 beat break.

2. Make an outline:

Opening the lesson: State the general definition of the eight-word seven-word poetic form
The body of the poem: State the characteristics of the poetic form:
Number of sentences, number of words in each lesson
The metrical law of poetic form
The rhyme of poetic form
How to break the common beat of each line of poetry
Conclusion: My feelings about the beauty and melody of the poetic form

Memorize:

• To explain the characteristics of a literary genre (poetry or specific text), it is necessary to first observe, comment, and then generalize into characteristics.
• When stating the characteristics, it is necessary to select the typical and important characteristics and to have specific examples to clarify those characteristics.

Sentences 1+2: page 154 of Literature 8 textbook, volume one

Explain the main characteristics of short stories on the basis of learned short stories: I went to school, Lao Hac, The Last Leaf. Read the following excerpt to find essential suggestions for planning and writing your essay.

SHORT STORY

The short story is a form of mini-narrative. Short stories are different from medium stories in small volume, focusing on describing a piece of life: an event, an action, a certain state in the character’s life, showing an aspect of a good personality. some aspect of social life. Therefore, short stories are often few characters and events.

The plot of the short story usually takes place in a limited space and time. It does not tell the entire process of a person’s life, but chooses moments and “slices” of life to express. The structure of boring stories is often the arrangement of contrasts and contrasts to highlight the theme. Therefore, short stories are usually short.

Short stories, though short, can also deal with major life issues. The work of many of the masters of this genre tells us that.

Reply:

Short stories are a close-knit literary genre and we are likely to come into contact with them on a daily basis. There are many different opinions about short stories, but short stories are a form of small narrative to recreate a small piece of life, be it an event, an action, a state in life. character’s life, expressing an aspect of personality or a certain aspect of social life. Short stories are usually short, about a few pages or a few dozen pages, events and characters are not many. There are very short stories with only a few hundred words.

Short stories are characterized by very few characters and events; plots often take place in a limited space and time; The structure of short stories is often the arrangement of contrasts and contrasts to highlight the theme. First of all, short stories have very few characters and events. Short stories usually only focus on recreating an aspect of a character’s personality or a certain aspect of society, so the number of characters is very small, even there are stories with only 2-3 characters.

The consequence of the small number of characters is that the events in the story are not many. Because the artist will only choose one or a few events and events in the character’s life to portray the character’s personality and fate. As in the work I go to school, the author has chosen the feelings of my character on the first day of school, the character in the story is only my mother and my character. Lao Hac’s short story features the characters Lao Hac, the teacher, Binh Tu, his son, the teacher’s wife (just mentioned), the villagers (appearing as witnesses to the old Hac’s death). ) and there is a prominent event in the work when the old Hac decided to sell the Golden dog so as not to have to eat his son’s money. In the short story The Last Leaf by O.Henri, the story revolves around the characters Jonsi, Bemen and Xiu with the painting The Last Leaf.

Second, the plot of short stories often takes place in a limited space and time. It does not tell the whole process of a person’s life, but chooses moments, “slices” of life to express. Thanh Tinh has chosen the space to transform from home to school, in what seems to be an extended period from the night before to the next morning, when he walks through the school gate to start school. Nam Cao chose to portray the old Hac during the time he lived away from his children, when he was sick, and chose a painful death to keep the garden for his son. And O. Henry begins his story with depression and despair so that the reader can see the revival in the young girl’s soul when she sees the painting of the last leaf on her windowsill. old Bemen. In all three works, readers only see a segment, a slice of the character’s life, not their entire life, from the time they were born, raised, and grown up. That is also the same. meaning that short stories are only moments of life, of people’s lives, but that is enough for readers to realize the nature of characters and people in that work.

Finally, the structure of a short story is often an arrangement of contrasts and contrasts to highlight the theme of the work. Readers can easily recognize the change in mood, thoughts and actions of both mother and child before the first day of school in Thanh Tinh’s short story I go to school. Those are very vague, emotional and indescribable emotions that make people seem to grow up, more mature. The contrast in the child’s actions before and on the night before the first day of school is very different: tidying up the toys by themselves, going to bed earlier, … helps the author emphasize the change in the child’s emotions. child, of a mother in the sacred moment in the first steps of her child’s life.

It is no coincidence that Nam Cao puts the character of the teacher in a contrasting look with the old Hac in his short story of the same name. The author wants the teacher to be able to find himself in the life of old Hac and to praise the noble and honest qualities of farmers in the old society. O. Henry has been very successful when using twice the method of reversing the situation, causing surprise to the reader. Johnsy’s amazing recovery and Bemel’s untimely death. All these details are to revive the humanity between poor people.

Although the volume is not long, short stories are a genre that gives readers many emotions and profound lessons in life. To this day, the role of short stories in people’s lives cannot be denied.

I. From observation to description and description of a literary genre

Topic: “Explaining the characteristics of the eight-word seven-word poetic form”.

Solve question 1 (Page 153 of the grammar textbook 8 volume 1)

Carefully read the two poems Entering the Inspirational Cantonese Prison and Breaking the Stone in Kunlun and then answer the questions.

a) How many lines does each poem have, and how many words does each line have? Is that number of lines or letters required? Is it possible to add or subtract at will?

b) Voices with profound and horizontal tones are called equal sounds, denoted by B, and voices with voice tones of question, fall, sharpness, and weight are called triangulated sounds, denoted T. in these two poems.

c) Comment on the relationship by trigram between the lines, knowing that if the upper line is equal to the lower line, it is called “opposite”, if the upper line is equal to the lower line, it is called equal. “glue” together (stick together). Based on the observations, state the metric relationship between the lines.

d) The rhyme is the part of the sound, excluding the tone marks and the first consonant (if any). Words that have the same rhyme parts, for example: an, than, can, man, etc. are words that rhyme with each other. Rhymes with profound or horizontal bars are called equal rhymes, rhymes with question, fall, sharpness, and weight are called rhymes. Please tell me which words in each poem rhyme with each other, in what position in the line of the poem, and whether it is a rhyme or a rhyme.

e) Poetry wants to be rhythmic, it must break the rhythm, where the pause is read a little pause before continuing to read to the end of the line. The pause also marks a meaningful pause. Tell me how the seven-hour verse in the poem breaks the tempo.

Reply:

a) Each poem has 8 lines, each line has 7 hours. The number of lines and letters is mandatory, not arbitrarily added or subtracted.

b) Symbols equal, trigram for each poem:

– Entering Cantonese prison to feel:

Still a genius, still stylish

(T – B – B – T – T – B – B )

If you run out of legs, go to jail

(T – T – B – B – T – T – B )

Been homeless in the four seas

(T – T – B – B – B – T – T )

Again a sinner among the five continents

(T – B – T – T – T – B – B )

Holding hands tightly to the economy

(T – B – B – T – B – B – T )

Open your mouth to laugh at the hatred

(T – T – B – B – T – T – B )

That body is still there, there is still a career

(B – T – T – B – B – T – T )

How much danger is afraid?

(B – B – B – T – T – B – B )

– Smashing rocks in Con Lon:

Being a boy standing in the middle of Kunlun

(B – B – T – T – T – B – B )

Magnificent makes mountains fall

(B – T – B – B – T – T – B )

Pick up a hammer to smash five or seven piles

(T – T – T – B – B – T – T )

Break a few hundred stones with your hand

(B – B – T – T – T – B – B )

Months and days of connoisseurs of body

(T – B – B – T – B – B – T )

Rain and sunshine are more durable

(B – T – B – B – T – T – B )

Those who patch the sky when they miss a step

(T – T – T – B – B – T – T )

How difficult is it to tell the story of your children?

(B – B – B – T – T – B – B )

c) Comment on the relationship by test:

– The 4th sound of the sentences is always contrary to the 2nd and 6th sounds. For example, sentence 1 of the song Beating rocks in Con Lon: B – B – T – T – T – B – B

– The sounds 2, 4, 6 of sentence pairs 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8 are always opposite in tone.

– The sounds 2, 4, 6 of sentences 1-8, 2-3, 4-5, 6-7 overlap in tone.

d) The rhyming words in the poem are at the end of sentences 1, 2, 4, 6, 8.

e) Often interrupt parity: 4/3, 2/2/3

Solve question 2 (Page 153 of the grammar textbook 8 volume 1)

Setting up an outline: Explaining the characteristics of the eight-bow verse poetry

Reply:

a) Introduction: State the general definition of poetic form.

For example: Seven languages ​​and bowls are a common form of poetry in Tang Lu, a form of poetry written according to the rules laid down in the Tang Dynasty (618-907) that is very popular with poets. Classical Vietnamese poets all write poems in this form in Chinese or Nom characters.

b) Body: Introduce the characteristics of poetic form:

– Number of sentences, number of words – Rule B – T – Rhythm way – Breaking rhythm… – Composition – Art of

Advantages: The poem has a harmonious and balanced beauty (the number of sentences, the layout of the poem) the sound and the melodious music (the rhyme is equal to the trigram).

Limitations: Because of the strict rules, the expression of emotions that are limited because of being bound is not as free as that of free verse.

c) Conclusion: The writer’s feelings about the beauty and melody of the poem.

For example: This is an important poetic form with many valuable works made in this form. And to this day it is still popular.

II. Practice

Lesson 1: Explain the main features of short stories on the basis of learned short stories: I went to school, Lao Hac, The Last Leaf.

Reply:

Features of short stories based on Lao Hac story by writer Nam Cao

a) Introduction: Definition of short story

b) Body: Introduce the elements of the story:

– Narrative element: is the main factor determining the existence of short stories.

– The main event: Lao Hac keeps the property for his son at all costs.

– The main character: Lao Hac – a poor, unhappy farmer, but simple, kind, and loves his children.

– Side events: Old Hac’s son goes to work, Lao Hac with Uncle Vang, With teacher…

– Supporting characters: Teacher, old Hac’s son, Binh Tu, teacher’s wife…

– Elements of MT, BC and evaluation: As an auxiliary factor, making the story lively and attractive (interwoven with narrative elements)

c) Conclusion: Comments on the writer’s assessment of the short story.