Top 12 best essays analyzing Tran Quoc Tuan’s work “Hich generals”

The Tran dynasty is a golden milestone of Vietnamese history. At that time, there were not only intelligent kings but also talented generals who contributed to historical victories. Among them is Tran Quoc Tuan, a talented general who helped the people defeat the invading Mongols – Nguyens. Not only was he a good military man, but Tran Quoc Tuan was also good at literature. “His Majesty the General” is the work that shows that talent of his.

“Hich generals” was written before the second war against Mongol – Nguyen invasion took place. Since then, Hich has called for and encouraged generals and soldiers to join forces to fight the enemy and read hard at the same time diligently reading the “Biographical summary”. At the beginning of Hich, Tran Quoc Tuan set forth bright examples in history. . “Ki Tin sacrificed himself to die, saving Cao De; Do Vu gave his back to bear the spear, protecting Chieu Vuong; Du Nhuong swallowed coal, avenging the owner; Than Khoai cut his hand to save the country.

Kinh Duc a young man, pro-Thai Tong to escape the siege of Thai Sung; Cao Khanh is a distant servant, scolding Loc Son, not following the scheme of the bandits.” Some are generals, some are minor officials, but all are willing to die for the king, for the master, for the country, not afraid of danger, successfully completing the task. Thereby the author wants to encourage the spirit, loyalty and patriotism of the generals.

After setting the example of generals, historical patriotic officials, the talented military man expressed his hatred of the enemy and expressed his feelings. Tran Quoc Tuan mentioned the crimes of the enemy: “Walking around” “bending the kite’s tongue and scolding the court” “bullying the father with the body of a dog and goat”, “claiming for pearls and silk, collecting silver and gold, stealing property warehouse”. Using metaphors, comparisons, sarcasm, sarcasm, and rapid-fire rhythms, pent-up anger portrays the adversary’s unruly, greedy, and brutality.

Since then, Tran Quoc Tuan expressed his heart: “I often forget to eat at mealtimes, pat my pillow in the middle of the night, my intestines hurt like a cut, and my eyes are filled with tears; only angry can not discharge meat, skinning, eating liver, drinking blood of enemies; Even if a hundred of my bodies are left to dry in the grass, and a thousand of them are wrapped in horse skins, I will still do it.” The author expressed anger, worry, grief for the country, hatred for the enemy, ready to sacrifice everything for the country.

Expressing anger at the enemy and anti-Hich also pointed out and criticized the wrong attitudes and actions of the generals and soldiers, thereby indicating what should be done. Pointing out the trivial and irresponsible actions of generals and soldiers: “Being a court general serving barbarians without knowing anger; Listening to Thai music often treats the puppet porcelain nest without knowing how to hate it. Some people make cockfighting fun; Some people enjoy gambling.

There are those who tend the gardens and fields to provide for their families; Some people are attached to their wives and children to satisfy their selfishness. There are people who calculate the way of property and forget about the country; There are people who love to hunt but are late for military work. Some people like good wine; there are people who love bullshit” in a sarcastic tone with a hint of reproach. Because of the consequences, it will lead to water loss. Thereby, Tran Quoc Tuan wants to severely criticize the irresponsible, indifferent lifestyle of the generals.

Therefore, Tran Quoc Tuan proposed the opposite of the wrongdoing of the generals by reading the “Compendium of War” composed by him. “You have to train soldiers, practice bows and arrows” actively cultivate military books, train hard, etc., then keep the country, the fragrance is handed down, and the family is happy. The author offers two opposing ways to uphold the spirit of self-discipline, active training, readiness to fight and sacrifice for the country.

Through the article “Hich generals”, readers feel admiration and respect for Quoc Cong Tiet Che Tran Quoc Tuan when he is not only a talented military man but also loves, worries and cares about lower rank generals to From there, he could see the great love of his country in him.

More than seven centuries have passed, since the day Hich General Hich was announced, the heroic sound of the explosion still resonates in the hearts of every Vietnamese citizen, planting in them intense emotions and pride. deep.

Hich General Hich is an ancient discourse of Vietnamese medieval literature, written in the mid-XNUMXth century, before the second resistance war against Mong Nguyen. The author of Hich was an outstanding general of the Tran dynasty, the general of the resistance war at that time.

With the responsibility entrusted by the nation on his shoulders, with burning patriotic enthusiasm, Tran Quoc Tuan burned with a noble aspiration: to defeat the enemy, to keep the country in peace. To ignite the fire of patriotism and encourage the will to fight among the three generals, Tran Quoc Tuan issued an appeal to the generals with an immortal song Hich: Du Chu Pi Tuong Hic Van – also known as Hich General Hich. literature, heroic literature of all times.

The heroic quality of Hich General Tu is created from the art of eloquence and lyrical art, and the intense and passionate feelings in the heart of the national hero. The boiling emotions and burning patriotic enthusiasm, the will to decisively defeat the enemy make up the noble and beautiful humanity of the post.

That sentiment is first of all a deep hatred of the enemy, a sincere and intense pain when seeing the country being trampled and destroyed. Tran Quoc Tuan portrayed the greedy, overbearing and brutal nature of the invaders: Walking around on the street, bending the tongue of a kite owl to scold the court, bullying the father with the body of a dog and goat, demanding pearls and silk. gold and silver collection. Tran Quoc Tuan’s attitude was both anger and contempt. To express his anger and contempt, the author used metaphorical images to refer to the invaders, treating them as animals: kite owls, dog goats, hungry tigers.

Tran Quoc Tuan understood the enemy’s ambition, well aware of the dangers of the Fatherland, the danger of defeat. The passage not only represents hatred for the enemy, but also represents the vigilance of the nation. After exposing the nature of the invaders, Tran Quoc Tuan directly expressed his feelings: “I often forget to eat at mealtime, pat my pillow in the middle of the night; my intestines are aching, my tears are full of anger, I have not yet discharged my meat. skinned, swallowed liver, drank the blood of the enemy. Even if these hundred bodies were left to dry in the grass, these thousand bodies would be wrapped in horse skins, I would still be pleased.”

If the whole poem is the image of Tran Quoc Tuan’s great patriotic ego, then this passage most represents that noble sentiment. With a rhetorical style that is more or less conventional in nature, it is generous and generous, in line with the rhetorical language of the literary genre, so it has great resounding power.

The passage clearly shows the boiling state, the burning hatred of a great heart, containing great emotions with the destiny of the country, the survival of the nation, the fate of the people. All these emotional states are pushed to the extreme. Anger is boiling, grief is intense: Forgetting to eat; insomnia; My intestines hurt like a cut, tears welled up.

From the great heart that boils with enthusiasm to the determined will to act, to sacrifice to save the country, is a development in line with the hero’s emotional and emotional changes. The development of the lyrical, patriotic ego is encapsulated in the words: Only anger has not yet shed its flesh and skin, swallowed its liver and drank the blood of its enemies.

Even if these hundred bodies are left to dry in the grass, I will be pleased with these thousands of corpses lying in the skin of a horse. Never before in Vietnamese literature has the hatred for the enemy and the sorrow for the nation’s fate been expressed so deeply, so intensely and so touchingly! Directly expressing his feelings, Tran Quoc Tuan has been a shining example of patriotism.

From burning hatred to the act of killing the enemy to save the country is inevitable and must be put first, it is better to die than to give up. That is the mettle of a heroic nation. More than anyone else, Tran Quoc Tuan clearly understands that the will to win decisively and to be ready to sacrifice himself for the country is a very important factor, but it is not enough to make a victory. synthetic. That strength must be created from the unanimity, from the will to fight and defeat the enemy of the whole nation.

To encourage the spirit of generals and soldiers to the highest level, besides setting a good example of loyalists and soldiers who died for the country in history books, expressing his feelings, Tran Quoc Tuan also skillfully encouraged soldiers. First, he recalled his love affair with the generals: if we don’t wear clothes, we give them clothes, if we don’t eat, we give them rice, when we are small, we get promoted, if we don’t get paid, we give them a scholarship; When we go to the water, we give the boat, when we walk, we give the horse. It’s rare for a general to take care of a general so thoughtfully! What is more grateful is the rare harmonious affection between him and the generals when they are in battle, they live and die together, when they are at home, they laugh together.

Recalling that favor, he seemed to remind them: I am with you like this, why are you indifferent, indifferent, ungrateful and ungrateful: seeing your master’s shame but not knowing how to worry, seeing your country’s shame but not being ashamed. … listen to Thai music often to treat oats without knowing hate. At the same time, he also pointed out to them their own shame: being a court general but having to serve the enemy without knowing their anger.

Tran Quoc Tuan frankly and harshly criticized the indifference, indifference and pleasure of the generals, from the trivial and useless pleasures: gambling, cockfighting, fond of good wine, … to selfish personal cultivation: getting rich, being attached to his wife and children. The author contrasted each point of view of life with the ability to drive out the enemy in order to point out in front of the generals the danger of a terrible defeat with terrible and unpredictable consequences, associated with the interests of the generals and the nation.

In short, only by promoting the sense of responsibility and honor of the general, giving up the lifestyle of seeking peace and happiness, and preparing for action to fight the enemy to defend the country, can we hope to repay the favor with the Prime Minister, will we be able to protect our independence. national autonomy. Failure to do so is only a tragic end: The country is lost, the house is destroyed, the reputation is lost, the bad reputation is forever. The hero’s affection surged to the climax!

Next to the intensely bubbling emotions is expressive art. That art is expressed in the way of reasoning, tone, and writing. The argument of the post is very tight with the combination of both reason and emotion to convince the generals. Tran Quoc Tuan talked about his deep affection for the generals, calling on the generals, for that good relationship, to enhance the responsibility and honor of the generals, to join hands with him in the war.

Tran Quoc Tuan also mentioned that the most intimate, profound, noble and sacred human feelings of each person (family, wife and children, father’s grave, communal house) will have a tragic ending as What if you can’t resist foreign invaders.

The tone of the song Hich is very rich and flexible: sometimes mild-mannered, deeply affectionate, sometimes sarcastic, harshly scolding, sometimes sarcastically sarcastic. Along with the tone is the text rich in emotion, rich in expressive nuances, both eloquent and concise. In addition, there is the appearance of the great patriotic ego Tran Quoc Tuan.

Thus, the art in Hich General Artist is a lyrical and eloquent art that is rich in emotion, image and persuasiveness, worthy of an immortal patriotic literary masterpiece of the anti-Mong Nguyen era in particular and all people. era in general.

Hich generals went down in literary history as one of the most typical heroic poems, an immortal patriotic epic.

Referring to Hung Dao Vuong Tran Quoc Tuan is referring to an outstanding general with talented leadership and passionate patriotism. With his talent and bravery, he has won many glorious victories for the people of the Tran Dynasty. In 1285, before the Mong-Nguyen resistance war, he wrote the article Hich Generals to encourage the fighting spirit and study of generals in the army. This is really an immortal writing that clearly shows patriotic thought and determination to fight against invaders.

At the beginning of the appeal, the author cited a series of patriotic martyrs such as Ky Tin, Du Nhuong, Do Vu, Kinh Duc, ….. They were not afraid to sacrifice nor childish habit, drinking wine, one heart to support their kings and generals. It was also Vuong Cong Kien who led a small army that caused the Mongols to retreat after many months of resistance, and Cot Dai Ngot Lang who rushed to defeat the Nam Chieu army.

All of them are shining examples, keeping a list of history books forever, ever since, heroic geniuses, talented men. It is a pride of Tran Quoc Tuan when thinking about the previous generation and at the same time as a reminder and encouragement for the generals to review themselves, try their best to make a name for the country and people. .

After setting the example of talented heroes, Tran Quoc Tuan continued to clarify the situation of the country in the midst of chaos and brutality: “Sneakingly watching the puppets walk across the street, bending the blades of kite owls. insulting the imperial court; using the body of a dog and goat to despise the ancestors It’s like throwing meat to a hungry tiger, to avoid future disaster. I often forget to eat at mealtime, pat my pillow and intestines in the middle of the night.”

The indignation at the crimes of greed of the invaders made the author expose their weakness, selfishness, and despicableness. The enemy’s unruly army regarded heaven and earth as equal, not caring about the miserable and miserable life of many people, but ruthlessly extracting the people’s strength and wealth. That cruelty is known to heaven and earth, and everyone knows it, but they are still lying and deceitful, which makes the general more heartbroken, worried about the fate of the country and the people: “I often come to dinner. forgot to eat……I’m glad too”. An indescribable feeling of the heart of a patriot.

Out of love for the people, out of fear that the enemy army would become more and more domineering and unable to sleep day and night, the pain in his heart felt, and his hatred for the enemy grew larger and larger. The national consciousness made the general more brave, willing to sacrifice his whole body to kill those arrogant enemies. Because the country is peaceful, how much is life worth, it is a noble soul of a loyal and heroic loyalist.

In a heartfelt and sincere voice, the author recalls the affections of a general to his insurgent army. He considers them as brothers, like blood relatives, sharing difficulties and deprivations, fighting together, laughing and smiling, everyone is treated kindly and sincerely: “You guys stay with me…the day before is no less”.

After that, Tran Quoc Tuan frankly pointed out the deplorables of the martyrs, they had trivial and irresponsible thoughts when naturally playing and having fun in front of the people’s confusion and confusion. At the same time, affirming the extremely painful consequences when the Mongols invaded: “If the Mongols invade, the rooster’s spur cannot penetrate the enemy’s armor…… you want to have fun. can you?”.

With a strict tone of voice, a heartfelt and heartfelt expression, Tran Quoc Tuan wishes to correct the thoughts and actions of the martyrs in his army. Must be properly aware of their roles and responsibilities, act for a great cause, for important things, not because of trivial passions and temptations that neglect the country, neglect themselves.

Since then, Tran Quoc Tuan continued to advise, explain and guide the actions that should be done and should be done by our armies at that time with the results achieved if actively training “Now we select our soldiers and If you know how to specialize in this book, according to my teachings, you will be a god for the rest of your life; if you ignore this book, contrary to my teachings life is enmity.”

Although the poem was brief, it reflected the spirit of the times, the spirit of Dong A. Hich generals were filled with patriotism, hatred of the enemy and the spirit of determination to win. With his sharp, reasonable and sincere words, Tran Quoc Tuan has touched the hearts of thousands of martyrs, urging them to live, train, and fight hard for the beloved country of Vietnam.

In Vietnamese literature, there are works that were born to become immortal literary works of the same era, experiencing many storms of time but still having their values ​​intact to this day. Along with the works Nam Quoc Son Ha, Binh Ngo Dai Cao, and Hich generals by Tran Quoc Tuan are also a work, an immortal writing for life. So what created that vitality?

Hich General Hich is an ancient discourse of Vietnamese medieval literature, written in the mid-XNUMXth century, before the second resistance war against Mong Nguyen. The author of Hich was an outstanding general of the Tran dynasty, the general of the resistance war at that time.

With the responsibility entrusted by the nation on his shoulders, with burning patriotic enthusiasm, Tran Quoc Tuan ignited a noble aspiration: to defeat the enemy, to keep the country in peace. In order to ignite the fire of patriotism and encourage the will to fight among the three generals, Tran Quoc Tuan issued an appeal to the generals with an immortal song Hich: Du Chu Tu Tu Hic Van – also known as Hich General Hich. literature, heroic literature of all times.

First of all, let’s learn about the hiccup genre, which is an ancient form of writing that generals, kings or leaders of an organization, a movement use to call on people to enthusiastically fight against evil. destroy the enemy. Hich is usually written in quaternary style, sometimes in prose or hexagonal poetry.

An essay is usually structured in three main parts: the first part: states an ethical or political principle as an ideological and theoretical basis; middle part: stating the remarkable situation (usually telling the enemy); the last part: states the solution and the call to fight. After writing the hich, it was usually put into the hich tube and transmitted by messengers everywhere. If it’s urgent, there’s usually a bunch of chicken feathers on the top of the hose (hence why it’s called a dance).

The opening paragraph of Tran Quoc Tuan has set an example of heroes, loyal martyrs who gave their all for the country and lost their lives. In other words, the author is raising the moral principle, the theoretical and ideological basis to encourage his soldiers. Those loyal martyrs were “Ki Tin died in lieu of him, saving Cao De; Do Vu gave his back to bear the spear, protecting Chieu Vuong; Du Nhuong swallowed coal, avenging the owner; Than Khoai cut his hand to save the country.

Dear Duc, a young man who supported Thai Tong to escape the siege of Thai Sung; Cao Khanh is a distant servant, scolding Loc Son, not following the scheme of the bandits.” It can be said that Tran Quoc Tuan’s argument is very easy to understand, concise and concise. He said that martial arts generals couldn’t understand, but he used actual proofs to let them understand. And from these things, considering the time they were born, they must also be responsible for the existence of the country.

In the next paragraph, the author exposed and denounced the crimes committed by the enemy to our country, through which he expressed his deep patriotism and hatred for the enemy. Their crimes were stated by Tran Quoc Tuan: “Seeing enemy envoys striding across the street, bending the tongue of a kite owl to scold the court, using the body of a dog and goat to bully the vizier, defeating Kublai Khan’s command to demand jade silk, in order to satisfy his endless greed, pretending to be Yunnan Vuong collected gold and silver, to dredge up limited stock.

It’s like feeding a hungry tiger with meat, so that no future disaster will happen!” it was a series of crimes committed by the enemy, through the images of “struggling in the middle of the road” “slamming the court” and our plots have clearly revealed their crimes and plots.

Not only that, the author also shows his disdain for them through images such as “bullying fathers with goats and dogs”. At the same time, the author continued to express his personal patriotism and hatred for the enemy. “I often forget to eat at mealtimes, pat my pillow in the middle of the night, my intestines hurt like a cut, and my eyes are filled with tears; only angry can not discharge meat, skinning, eating liver, drinking blood of enemies; Even though a hundred of my bodies are left to dry in the grass, and a thousand of them are wrapped in horse skins, I will still do it.”

Those firm words seemed to echo a hatred to the climax of his enemy, the author had but when he forgot to eat, tears were flowing, his intestines were painful, and Tran Quoc Tuan’s strong will and determination. also shows that hatred. Even if I had to expose the body on the battlefield, I would like to do it to drive away the invaders.

After stating the love between the marshal and the general, Tran Quoc Tuan criticized the wrong actions of the generals and soldiers, and affirmed what actions should be taken to awaken self-awareness, responsibility, and self-reflection. themselves to regulate the thoughts and actions of the generals. The author points out that loss is better than justice in the army, when hungry, they give food, when they go to sea, they give boats and horses for walking… but now the master is humiliated but the army does not know how to take care.

The author continues to point out the deviations in the army to warn soldiers. Those deviations are that some people are addicted to alcohol, gambling, are attached to their wives and children, work in fields and gardens to provide for their families, while others are addicted to hunting and doing military work. Those are all deviations in the army that are very worrisome if the Nguyen Mong invaders suddenly come, but that deviation, can that job save the country? Until then, my wife and children will no longer be attached to it, the country is not my own, but the dirty reputation will be left for the next life, then it will be fun or not.

From there, Tran Quoc Tuan raised the things that need to be done right now, which is to focus on military training and follow the Binh Thu Teo strategy to drive the Mongols away. And that means that their loved ones or their pleasures will still be there, then it’s not too late to be happy. “You have been with me for a long time, guarding the military power, (…) when the battle broke out. then we live and die together, when we are at home, we laugh together. ” , “At that time, you and I will be arrested, how painful!

Not only is my fief gone, but your perks are gone; Not only will my family be destroyed, but also your wives and children; Not only our ancestors’ communes have been trampled, but your parents’ graves have also been uprooted. . . “. From those words, we can see that Tran Quoc Tuan was very clever with his good reproaches as well as teaching his soldiers.

But there are times when the words are not like that of a general, but more like someone in the same situation as them. It can be seen that the author is a talented general who understands all the joys and sorrows of soldiers so that he can correct them. Before deviations are like reproaches, but then not as punishments as beheading or beatings, but just advice. That contributed to the soldiers not losing anyone but also gaining people’s hearts, taking strong measures now only makes people more disrespectful.

In short, whether it is an admonition to show more truth or a stern warning, it is also intended to arouse the sense of responsibility and duty of generals and soldiers to the village of Xa Tac, all towards the goal of calling for solidarity. synergy to destroy the invaders, deal with the enemy. The art in the card also gives great persuasion to the card.

It is the art of comparing and contrasting the enemy’s overbearing arrogance and dogmatic nature. Simultaneously, with a serious tone like reproach, scolding, sometimes gentle in the same situation, sometimes as earnest as a sentiment, sometimes resounding as if expressing hatred for the enemy to bring unexpected effects to the audience. soldiers.

All those content and art have brought immortality and success to this writing. Not only that, it was also because of the persuasion of the speech, the emotional thoughts of Tran Quoc Tuan that awakened the soldiers to help them regain consciousness and focus on the daily practice of military tactics. Then came to an expected and good result that was a glorious victory over the Mongols.

In the XNUMXth century, Dai Viet was constantly facing the threat of the Nguyen invaders. Fight for independence, self-control, or surrender to loss of country, slavery? My king of the Tran Dynasty decided to choose the way of fighting. But how to choose that path? Tran Quoc Tuan gave a reasonable and satisfactory answer in his immortal song “Hich General Soldier”. Even though it is a political essay, there are passages that sound very unified and full of emotions like the one he wrote about his hatred for the enemy.

Tran Quoc Tuan wrote:

‘…Not to mention, you and I were born in troubled times, and grew up in difficult times’. Not just me or you alone, but I ‘with you’. Saying that, Tran Quoc Tuan shared his feelings with the generals and soldiers, also sharing a truth of the times: in peacetime, everyone’s position may be different, but when the country is in danger, the country’s autonomy is threatened or if the country is lost, everyone, without exception, will be the same before the common shame, the common suffering of the lost.

Therefore, the following humiliation does not belong to anyone: seeing enemy envoys walking across the street, bending a kite owl’s tongue to scold the court, bullying the vizier with the body of a dog and goat… What many people know separately and specifically, has been systematized by the general of the Tran family, creating a vivid picture of the insolent actions of the Nguyen porcelain.

He only mentioned three of their incidents: swaggering, insulting the court, bullying the vizier (ie the top of the mandarins), accompanied by images full of anger: ‘bending your tongue’ kite owl’, ‘bringing a dog’s body’. What do these events mean? The honor of the country is humiliated, the sovereignty of the country infringed. How can one not feel humiliated, how can one not feel full of anger when one sees such things with their own eyes.

The author of the poem continued to talk about the invaders: ‘… again fell in love with Kublai Khan and demanded silk and jade, to satisfy his endless greed, pretending to be Yun Nam Vuong, but collected silver and gold to dredge up limited inventory’. Not only stopping at insolent actions, the invaders also have unreasonable demands on material possessions. The meaning comes from being very vivid when the author contrasts the ‘limited stock’ with the ‘infinite greed’ of the Mongols.

Then, with extravagant actions, mental humiliation, and material plunder, the enemy envoys revealed the greedy nature of the invader. Since then, the author’s foresight and vigilance has been absolutely right: ‘It’s like throwing meat to a hungry tiger, so as not to cause harm later!’

That means that the concession has reached its limit. Couldn’t be more lenient! Couldn’t be more patient! Here, Tran Quoc Tuan expressed his anger: ‘I often forget to eat when I come to dinner, pat my pillow in the middle of the night, my stomach hurts like a cut, my tears are full of tears, I just hate that I haven’t cut the flesh, peeled the skin, swallowed the liver and drank it. blood of the enemy, even if these hundred bodies are left to dry in the grass, these thousand corpses wrapped in horse skins will still satisfy me’.

In ancient poetry and literature, nowhere has the hatred for the enemy and the will to fight the war expressed so sincerely, so painfully and so intensely. This is a person’s own hatred and will, but also represents the hatred and will of the entire Dai Viet people. Or it can be said: the will of an entire nation, a country is compressed into the feelings of a person.

There is one thing worth noting: in the above paragraph the author mentions the common situation of ‘me’ and ‘you’, mentions the common danger, the common shame of ‘me and you’, but in the next paragraph, speaks up. the will to hate the enemy, the author only said ‘ta’. Why? Because that is exactly what the commander-in-chief of the army expects of his generals and demands of each of his generals. Behind the passage is a pressing question: such turbulent times, such a difficult time for the country, such my heart, how about yours? You have seen the shame of the water, but have you had such hatred?

If Tran Quoc Tuan’s ‘Hich generals’ is one of the best poems of antiquity, the passage above is one of the most eloquent and sentimental of the poem. Reading the passage, one also seems to hear the spirit of a glorious historical period.

Tran Quoc Tuan was a talented general who made great contributions in two resistance wars against the Mongol invaders. The work “Hich General Soldier” was born before the second resistance war against the Yuan – Mongols with his passionate and passionate love for his homeland and country. At the same time, the work is also considered as a summons to the entire army before the day of battle.

As an outstanding general, Tran Quoc Tuan was passionately patriotic and wholeheartedly devoted to the people and the country. So when he saw foreign invaders trespassing, daring to look down on the country, insulting kings and mandarins, he denounced them with strong words: “seeing enemy envoys walking across the street, bending kite owls and insulting the court at the court. family, giving the body of a goat to arrest the victim.”

I was even more angry when they dared to plunder the people’s property: “Despite their destiny to collect all their wealth and demand for pearls and silk, to satisfy their endless greed, pretending to be Yunnan King collects silver and gold, to plunder the treasure. limited.” Giving evidence of the brutality and greed of the enemy, Tran Quoc Tuan aroused the hatred and fighting will of the entire people, generals and soldiers.

Before the shame of losing the country, the nation fell into danger, a talented general couldn’t help but toss and turn, worrying: “I often forget to eat at mealtime, pat my pillow at midnight; My intestines hurt like a cut, tears flowed.” He looked painfully at the declining fortunes of the country, but hated the enemies, determined not to share the world: “dispose of flesh and skin, swallow liver, drink enemy’s blood.” He vowed to sacrifice himself to fight foreign invaders and regain independence for the nation: “Even if these hundred bodies are left to dry in the grass, these thousand bodies are wrapped in horse skin, I am satisfied.”

Not only having a heart for the country, forgetting his body, Tran Quoc Tuan was also a general who loved soldiers like brothers who rushed together on the battlefield: “If you don’t have clothes, you will give rice, if you don’t eat, you will eat. If we give rice, we will give a small mandarin a promotion, a small salary will give a scholarship, if we go to sea, we will give a boat, if we walk, we will give a horse.” Therefore, the soldiers both admired his sacrifice but also felt close and touched by his favors for them.

Along with his concern for the soldiers, he also severely criticized their wrong ideas and consciousness: “seeing country’s shame but not worrying, seeing master’s shame but not being ashamed, being a court general must serve the enemy without knowing it.”

He also harshly criticizes those who only play games and neglect their responsibilities, especially when the country is in danger: “taking cockfighting for fun, gambling for entertainment, or the enjoyment of the field, or They are attached to their wives and children, or they are interested in getting rich and forget about the country, or they are interested in hunting and forget about military service, or they like to drink wine, or they love to sing.” Tran Quoc Tuan has awakened many soldiers so that they are aware of their own wrongdoings, so that they can correct and return to the responsibility they need to take on now. That is to unite together, train and fight the enemy, protect the country.

“Hich General Soldier” is really an immortal literary work that shows that Tran Quoc Tuan is not only a talented general who loves his country, has the ability to win people’s hearts, but also an outstanding literary talent. With a strong voice filled with reflections on the nation’s destiny, his name will forever shine on the pages of literature and the golden history of the Vietnamese nation.

Before the invasion of the Mongols – Nguyen for the second time (1285), the communication situation between them and our country was very tense. The messengers are condescending, arrogant, demanding all kinds of things. The postponement period could not be extended any longer. Must be prepared more quickly.

Tran Quoc Tuan saw that the situation of the generals was not ready, compiled the book The Briefing of the Army, a book that said the essentials of military strategy and tactics, and wrote this article to admonish the generals to accept Knowing the situation at that time, he tried his best to study military books, practice martial arts, and prepare to fight the enemy. The essay, therefore, serves as a prelude to the dissemination of the other book. The time of writing is nowhere to be found, but based on the content, it must have been a while before the Mongols – Nguyens invaded for the second time.

Hic is a writing that calls for battle. It doesn’t follow any formula. It is an essay. Usually use prose, sometimes use prose. In order to call for success, you must give valid reasons, but mainly to conquer the situation. Good songs are often lyrical. My literature doesn’t have many funny articles.

Set an example of self-sacrifice for the cause of the ancients and contemporaries, outlined the situation that the Fatherland was in danger, threatened, and invaded, and then related to criticizing the general’s attitude of seeking peace and happiness. their responsibility to save the country. Tran Quoc Tuan, as a marshal to the commanders under his command, used his mood to talk to them, persuade them by emotional way, encourage them to study, practice, and educate. soldiers to be ready to fight and win, all to show an ardent patriotism, a deep enmity and an iron determination to win.

At the beginning of part 1 the author says: I often hear. To say “such a word” means to tell a story of feelings. The story I often hear, often study. Now, I will exchange it with you on the topic “you listen and think together.

In the past, there were many loyal soldiers who acted without regret for themselves. The one who saved the king, the one who avenged the master, the one who scolded the evil enemy, the one who fought against the strong enemy… The author told at once about six people in the past, and when he saw that his listeners did not believe him, he led four modern examples.

There were ten people in front. Strictly speaking, their actions are all commendable, but for the great cause they sacrificed, it turns out that there are no more than one individual, not to mention that out of ten people there are two invaders, only two are real. fight against the enemy for the sake of the country. However, the author gave them all for the sake of the country, they were towered servants whose loyalty was shining, kept the list of history and books, and the heavens and earth are immortal forever, the people are still grateful, and still have a good reputation to this day. .

It’s just because they don’t follow the usual girls’ habits, refuse to die of old age in the corner, but dare to sacrifice, dare to fight the enemy a hundred times on the road, dare to rush into the blue obstacle, thousands of miles away. Old people, stop saying nothing. But these recent people, no matter how special they are, they are just ordinary commanders. They have made commendable achievements, so why can’t you?

As part 1 said, being a loyalist must dare to sacrifice himself like the ten people above. How dangerous is the current state of the country!

The country is not a peaceful day. You and I were born in turbulent times, and we grew up in difficult times. That’s telling the truth. In 1258, Mongol feudal forces invaded our country for the first time. They were defeated by us. But during the twenty-seven years between then and the second invasion in 1285, they did not leave us alone, but became increasingly unruly. That truth is the common pain of the country, mine and you.

Now, the daily scene is happening, we can’t close our eyes not to see the enemy soldiers walking across the street, daring to scold the court, dare to bully the father but what are they, just an army of dogs and owls. kite only. They take that again, this one and the other ask for pearls, silver, and gold, while my inventory is limited but their greed is not the same.

I know that doing so is like throwing meat to a hungry lake, and the pit will pounce on me anyway. Because they don’t just want silver, gold, and silk. They pretended to borrow the road to fight Champa, in fact they wanted to rob our country. The next curse is that curse.

This is the situation in the country. Chaos and troubles have now come like this. You and I are in the same situation. The marshal merged himself with the generals, shared with them the situation, was born and grew up together in it, the same age, the same age. The words sounded like intimacy but there was something painful inside. Like a sigh, or a hidden wistful voice. Ask the listener if there is still a heart to separate themselves from that emotional stream?

Paragraph 2: If the situation is common, the feelings must also be the same. The whole paragraph from “I often come to dinner…” to “I am also pleased” is something that burns in the mood of the boss. Forgot to eat, to sleep, to feel pain, to be sad, to hate, to be angry, to kill the enemy, to make sacrifices. Every love is high. The enemy troops insulted the nation, the court, and the whole nation, they came out to rob the country, treating us like worms, crickets, and straw.

How can I stand it! However, you must temporarily endure to have enough time to prepare. History: At that time, one time our representative received enemy envoys. In the middle of the discussion, if something was wrong, the porcelain man turned the hand of a hand fan and knocked on the bald head of our delegate, spitting blood. Our delegate did not change his face, calmly wiped the bleeding with a towel and continued to exchange.

Courage can manifest as thunder, but sometimes it manifests itself in silence. But that silence is a silence containing thunder. In front of the enemy, in front of everyone, must maintain the necessary attitude of patience. But in your heart, at night, alone or with a confidant, like with your generals, how can you hold your heart (but not boiling?

So, this is the most intimate disclosure of my innermost feelings for someone I completely believe in, for me to be able to expose my guts. Also start with me and take me as an uncle: I often go to dinner… I’m happy too. The emperor confessed as much as he could to compensate for his daily frustration, but also let his generals listen, in order to pass on his enthusiasm.

The marshal reconsidered his treatment of the generals in accordance with the spirit of an army that above and below considered each other as father and son. A series of words I give also have a little bit of the relationship of master and servant, but love is a proof that the care is thoughtful, meticulous, full of love and respect. Repeat and emphasize three times with me, together: With me, we will keep the military sphere, we will live and die together in battle, we will laugh together at leisure.

Although the position is different, although the relationship is master and servant, but they are jointly responsible for the same, fighting together, living and dying together, resting together at leisure, laughing together. That passionate affection is a good expression of the spirit of “father and son”. So the way the marshal treats his subordinates is goodwill.

Paragraph 3: The commander exposes his heart, self-criticizes his treatment like that, and then looks back at his ranks of generals? It turns out that you are not humiliated; you only care about having fun, when the enemy comes, you and I will all be arrested; I and you both have lost everything, and you and I will be humiliated forever; So can we have fun then? So listen to me and take care first, train my soldiers, everyone is good, kill the enemy, wash away the enemy, how happy for me and for you, and the fragrance will be left for thousands of generations; at that time “don’t want to have fun, okay?”.

The marshal’s argument was just that. The same reason. When talking about loss, then it comes to close interests: loss of fiefdom, perks; the family is broken, the wife and children are afflicted; The ancestral community was trampled, the parents’ graves were uprooted; reputation is nothing, humiliation for a hundred years. If possible, the same intimate benefits: stable fiefdom, eternal perks:

Family, wife and children warm, old age; ancestral shrines are sacrificed and worshipped; titles, names, history books. There is an opinion that saying the interests of the owner “in the ruling class like this is a limitation, even though the interests of the ruling class at that time” are still consistent with the interests of the nation.

However, if you look closely, talking about close interests as mentioned above is going to go deeper because the ethnic content does not stop at the territory, it also includes the people’s right to live. Humans still have a source of life: land, perks; family, relatives and children; graves of ancestors and grandparents; bad reputation or good reputation in the world. In other words, there is also a material life and a spiritual life; in addition to food, there are emotions, culture and customs. , with immediate and future, responsible for the present and for the eternal history.

Saying personal interests are true, but that personal interest is associated with an extremely important responsibility that is responsible for the loss of the country, because it is posed under a fearsome premise: If the Mongol invaders Ancient overflows and a heroic hypothesis: the grass swears to bury Kublai Khan’s head at the missing gate, rotten the flesh of King Yunnan in Gao Yai. So where is the selfish individual right! That is a real right, but it is also the closest and most sacred starting point, the close but extremely practical and solid foundation of patriotism. The deep and intimate patriotism always stems from the love of the village, homeland, and family.

Talk about loss, gain is hypothetical about the future. In the immediate future, the generals love to have fun, so they should talk about having fun. Hey, what does the marshal prohibit? They are passionate about everything: cockfighting, gambling; enjoying the fields and gardens, attached to his wife and children; get rich, eager to hunt; love good wine, love to sing. The reason why we have to criticize is because it’s not the time to have fun. How can we fight the enemy if we are passionate about these things?

Therefore, caricatures must be shown to show them: can’t a rooster’s spur penetrate the enemy’s armor? Gambling tips cannot be used as military tactics; “farm” has many gardens, but nowhere can redeem the body captured by the enemy; the wife has a baby, how can she take care of the army?

Money many stars can buy the head of the enemy; Good wine did not make the enemy intoxicated, and good singing did not make the enemy deaf. It sounds like a funny voice, but the love is very real, very dignified, as if there is great suffering, but because of his immense tolerance and generosity, he compares trivial pleasures with strength. enemy troops, pointing out the impotence of the game of passion before that power, showing them clearly, penetrating, and thinking.

Twice the marshal repeated: At that time, even if you wanted to have fun, could you? and At that time, even if you don’t want to have fun, okay?” Again, agreeing to have fun, but only having fun after winning. cobble. There is criticism, there is laughter, but very tolerant and understanding.

The purpose of the lesson is to wake up. Wake up the sleeper. So you have to wake up many times. Words back and forth, overlapping messages, layers and layers. The two short paragraphs are two layers of reasoning on top of each other, the latter in stark contrast to the former. Before, they only knew how to have fun, the enemy would lose everything, even if they wanted to have fun, they couldn’t. After that, taking care of the army and the enemy to win, nothing is lost but still gained, not even having fun if you want to.

It is taking the loss against the gain. Lose tense: no longer, also lost; afflicted, also wretched; trampled on, hurled up; humiliated, wise, not healed, defeated. Well then: eternally stable, eternally enjoying, warm and cozy, and cynical. old age; be sacrificed forever, worshiped all year round; This life is gratifying, hundreds of years later the word is still handed down; not be lost, history books are fragrant. It’s the exact opposite. And the whole opposite is the first: Now you and Nay I tell you the truth; the opposite conclusion: even if you want to have fun, is it okay?

Fighting word for word, specifically, chattering, until the truth emerges. Above is the opposite of the two paragraphs. In each segment, there are many layers and layers. Try the above paragraph.

Starting with the first floor. Repeatedly a negative word: don’t know: don’t know worry, don’t know shame, don’t know anger, don’t know hate. Again four times do not know, four layers of emotions arranged from low to high, based on a consistent feeling of shame: looking at the owner’s humiliation without knowing fear, seeing the country’s shame but not being ashamed, serving the enemy (humiliation) without knowing anger, listening to the king’s music at a banquet for the puppet ambassadors (humiliation) without knowing hatred.

Next is the second floor: A variety of frivolous and selfish amusements, arranged in four classes from fun to fascination: cockfighting for fun, gambling as entertainment (grade 1); enjoying the fields and gardens, being attached to his wife and children (grade 2); worrying about getting rich, forgetting about the country, hunting and doing the military jobs (grade 3); loves good wine, loves to sing (grade 4).

The third floor: If the Mongol invaders come over. Only powerless words: stars pierce, cannot be used, thousands of gold cannot redeem, a hundred things are useful, do not buy, do not chase, cannot, cannot.

The fourth tier is a consequence of the above situations. One word runs through it all: lose, me, you all lose. And also the four layers of pressing again and again with four pairs: not only but also: not only my fief is gone, but your perks are lost, not only my family is destroyed, but your wives and children are also miserable…

Four floors, four layers each. The latter layer adds to the previous layer, from low to high, from shallow to deep, from light to heavy, from near to far. Four layers arranged into a coherent, simple, specific, vivid argument, beating strongly to the feeling, to the heart. Finally summed up with a not-so-big word behind the decisive question, with the weight of a rebuke but still a gentle voice: at that time, even if you wanted to have fun, would you?” ?

The next paragraph also has two layers, each layer also has two layers. Termination is still a no, but behind the question is the word “yes”, an affirmation “must have fun” because neither have fun nor can.

The text in both paragraphs is not a rebuke, much less an insulting tone. Those are small words, more than true, full of tolerance and trust. The listeners will not see that they have been beaten down, but see that they are still trusted, they will wake up, they will be good, they will be able to destroy the enemy.

Part 3 However, intimacy does not mean leaving principles, ignoring responsibility. Even in the above section, still do not forget to compare with the task, do not forget for a minute the danger of the invasion of the country. So after analyzing the fun, taking it as a commandment, after encouraging the generals to be able to fulfill their duties gloriously, the marshal again stated the specific and direct purpose of the post. If you know this book according to my teachings, you will be a servant for life, if you ignore this book, if you disobey my teachings, you will be enmity for the rest of your life.

And the marshal always explained: Because the enemy with me is a mortal, you don’t worry about training, it’s like turning your spear to surrender, your hands don’t give in to the enemy, so what’s left without enemies? What is there that is not forever ashamed, what face is standing in this protective heaven and earth? Finally, ending with a sentence that clearly shows the marshal’s heart: I wrote this post to let you know my stomach.

That belly is generous love, but at the same time gracious, resolute, encouraging and coercive, exhorting and disciplining. The tone is the mood, but the words are the command: if you listen, you are the master, if you do not know, you are hostile. Listeners for love cannot sympathize, for reasons cannot but be persuaded.

In the national literature, there are not many humorous songs with emotional voices like this one. The argument is not far-fetched but close, not abstract but concrete, using people as an example to set an example, persuading rather than using explanations and theories, but all are imbued with the love and morality of the marshal. patriarchal spirit. Poker has certain limitations, but it is thanks to that spirit that it has a profound and powerful impact.

When it was widely spread, it made the whole army and people excited to kill the enemy, combined with the effect of the appeal of Dien Hong (early 1285), leading to the liking of the two words Sat That and heighten the atmosphere of the Tran dynasty. To this day, the hich card still retains that pulsating power. It is still a lesson of readiness to fight and determination to win, a never-ending patriotic message to love home.

Tran Quoc Tuan (1231 – 1300) – who was assigned by King Tran to command the army, led the resistance war against the Mongol – Nguyen army to a glorious victory. Famous people know how to respect people who attract talents. Tran Quoc Tuan is a national hero, a genius military man, his patriotism for the country is clearly shown in the text “Hich general soldier”, a text encouraging generals to study the “Compendium of the War” book. compiled by him.

Before the danger of the country, the passionate patriotism of the marshal Tran Quoc Tuan was expressed in the boiling hatred of the bandits. Let’s listen to him tell us about the crimes of the enemy: “Seeing enemy envoys striding across the street, bending kite owls’ tongues and insulting the court, bullying fathers with the bodies of dogs and goats, falling for Kublai Khan’s command to demand jade silk, in order to satisfy endless greed, pretending to be the King of Yunnan, but collecting silver and gold, drawing from a limited store, is like feeding a hungry tiger with meat, so as not to let disaster later!”

The author called the enemy “kite owl, dog goat, hungry tiger” not only exposing the greed and cruelty but also revealing the enemy’s aggressive intentions; express disdain and hatred. Not only telling the crimes of the enemy, but Tran Quoc Tuan also expressed his grief at the national humiliation, the pain of grief.

It is a manifestation of the willingness to sacrifice oneself to wash the country’s humiliation, to protect the nation’s independence, the desire for the country to sacrifice itself for the country: “Only anger has not yet shed flesh and skin, swallowed liver, drank army blood. Even if these hundred bodies are left to dry in the grass, these thousand corpses wrapped in horse skin will still be satisfied.”

Through the post, Tran Quoc Tuan not only expressed his boiling hatred for the bandits, but also expressed his will to fight, to win, and to sacrifice himself for national independence. He outlined two main paths – evil is also a way of life and death to convince generals. Tran Quoc Tuan expressed a decisive attitude: either the enemy or the self, there is no precarious position for the bystanders ahead of the times.

“Enemy to me is a mortal enemy, you just calmly do not know how to wash your shame, don’t worry about eliminating evil, don’t teach your soldiers, it’s like turning the point of a spear and surrendering, raising your hand but not giving up to the enemy. If so, then after the enemy has calmed down, forever to be ashamed, what face is there to stand in heaven and earth?”, that is the word of encouragement to the highest level of will and determination to fight.

Tran Quoc Tuan’s sincere and earnest love for soldiers and generals all stemmed from his benevolence from patriotism. With the soldiers under his command, Tran Quoc Tuan always treated like his own children and acquaintances: “You and I have been guarding the military power for a long time, if you don’t wear it, I will give you a shirt, if you don’t eat, I will give you rice. If you are a small mandarin, you will be promoted, if your salary is low, you will be given a allowance; when you go to sea, you will give a boat, when you walk, you will give your horse; when in battle, you will live and die together; when you are at home, you will have fun and laugh together. “.

It is a love relationship between the master and the general to encourage each person’s sense of responsibility and obligation for the good and the flesh. It was the sincere and earnest love of soldiers that Tran Quoc Tuan criticized the wrong expressions, and at the same time pointed out to the generals the right actions to follow and do. These actions all stem from the will to fight and defeat the invading enemy.

That is the concern about the state of generals who do not know how to care for the country: not worried, ashamed when the king and the country are humiliated by the enemy; only know how to have fun, get rich, love to hunt, love good wine, love to sing…

The risk of defeat is great when the Mong Thai invaders invade: “Rooster spurs cannot penetrate enemy armor, gambling tricks cannot be used as military tactics; although the fields are abundant, the gardens are many, and the body is precious. thousands of gold cannot be redeemed; besides, a wife and children are scrotum; what is the use of military affairs; though much wealth cannot buy an enemy’s head, a hound, though strong, cannot chase an enemy, a cup of good wine cannot make the enemy intoxicated to death. , good singing could not make the enemy deaf.

At this moment, you and I will be arrested, how painful!” It was the patriotism that Tran Quoc Tuan showed the generals what actions to take: “Now, I tell you the truth: you should remember. The saying “putting a spark in the middle of a pile of firewood is dangerous, so use the thing of “swinging hot soup and blowing cold vegetables” “to frighten, train soldiers, practice bows and arrows”.

Tran Quoc Tuan’s post “Hich General” reflects the passionate patriotism of our nation in general and Tran Quoc Tuan in particular in the resistance war against foreign invaders. It is expressed through hatred of the enemy, the will to fight, to defeat the invading enemy and the feelings for the generals under his command.

The Tran dynasty is a golden milestone of Vietnamese history. At that time, there were not only intelligent kings but also talented generals who contributed to historical victories. Among them is Tran Quoc Tuan, a talented general who helped the people defeat the invading Mongols – Nguyens.

Not only was he a good military man, but Tran Quoc Tuan was also good at literature. “Hich general soldier” is the work showing his talent “Hich general soldier” was written before the second war against Mongol – Nguyen invasion took place. Since then, Hich has called for and encouraged generals and soldiers to join hands to fight the enemy while reading the “Compendium of Battle” diligently.

At the beginning of the article Hich, Tran Quoc Tuan set forth bright examples in history. “Ki Tin sacrificed himself to die, saving Cao De; Do Vu gave his back to bear the spear, protecting Chieu Vuong; Du Nhuong swallowed coal, avenging the owner; Than Khoai cut his hand to save the country. Kinh Duc a young man, pro-Thai Tong to escape the siege of Thai Sung; Cao Khanh is a distant servant, scolding Loc Son, not following the scheme of the bandits.” Some are generals, some are minor officials, but all are willing to die for the king, for the master, for the country, not afraid of danger, successfully completing the task.

Thereby the author wants to encourage the spirit, loyalty and patriotism of the generals. After setting the example of generals, historical patriotic officials, the talented military man expressed his hatred of the enemy and expressed his hatred towards the enemy. his heartbreak. Tran Quoc Tuan mentioned the crimes of the enemy: “Walking around” “bending the kite’s tongue and scolding the court” “bullying the father with the body of a dog and goat”, “claiming for pearls and silk, collecting silver and gold, stealing property warehouse”.

Using metaphors, comparisons, sarcasm, sarcasm, and rapid-fire rhythms, pent-up anger portrays the adversary’s unruly, greedy, and brutality. Since then, Tran Quoc Tuan expressed his heart: “I often forget to eat at meals, pat my pillow in the middle of the night, my intestines hurt like a cut, tears are full of tears; only angry can not discharge meat, skinning, eating liver, drinking blood of enemies; Even if a hundred of my bodies are left to dry in the grass, and a thousand of them are wrapped in horse skins, I will still do it.”

The author expressed anger, worry, grief for the country, hatred for the enemy, ready to sacrifice everything for the country. Expressing indignation at the enemy and anti-Hich also pointed out, criticizing the enemy. judge the wrong attitudes and actions of the generals, thereby indicating what should be done. Pointing out the trivial and irresponsible actions of generals: “Being a court general serving barbarians without knowing anger; Listening to Thai music often treats the puppet porcelain nest without knowing how to hate it.

Some people make cockfighting fun; Some people enjoy gambling. There are those who tend the gardens and fields to provide for their families; Some people are attached to their wives and children to satisfy their selfishness. There are people who calculate the way of property and forget about the country; There are people who love to hunt but are late for military work. Some people like good wine; there are people who love bullshit” in a sarcastic tone with a hint of reproach.

Because of the consequences, it will lead to water loss. Thereby, Tran Quoc Tuan wanted to severely criticize the general’s lifestyle of seeking peace, happiness, and irresponsibility. Therefore, Tran Quoc Tuan proposed the opposite hypothesis of the wrongdoing of the generals by reading “Binh of the Army.” compendium” composed by him. “You have to train soldiers, practice bows and arrows” actively cultivate military books, train hard, etc., then keep the country, the fragrance is handed down, and the family is happy.

The author offers two opposing ways to raise the spirit of self-discipline, active training, readiness to fight and sacrifice for the country. Through the article “Histle General”, readers feel admiration and respect. He respected Quoc Cong Tiet Che Tran Quoc Tuan when he was not only a talented military man but also loved, worried, and cared for lower rank generals so that he could see his great love for the country.

In the flow of patriotism throughout the process of medieval Vietnamese literature, “Hich generals” by author Tran Quoc Tuan is one of the typical works that uphold the spirit of determination to win and resolve to win – the expression of collective action. most loyal to the patriotic spirit at that time. Born around the time of the second resistance war against the Mongols and Nguyen Dynasty (1285), “Hich General Hi” raised the spirit of fighting against foreign invaders, becoming the pinnacle of patriotic literature of the Tran dynasty.

At the beginning of the work, author Tran Quoc Tuan highlighted the examples of honoring history books to encourage the will to make a name for themselves and the spirit of sacrifice for the cause of defending the country and the territory of the generals. These are loyalists and soldiers: some are generals like Ki Tin, Do Vu, and Du Nhuong, there are ordinary people like Than Khoai, Kinh Duc, Cao Khanh and even old examples in the Spring and Autumn and Chien periods. Kingdom, Han dynasties, Tang dynasties, Song dynasties, Yuan dynasties. The author sets a good example with the aim of encouraging the brave spirit and true ideals of the soldier “and immortality with heaven and earth”.

In the next part of the work, the author has realistically described the crimes and defiance of the enemy to arouse hatred and national pride. The author has used metaphors with extremely unique words such as “kite owl blade”, “goat and dog body” to express hatred and disdain for the invading enemy to encourage the spirit of the enemy. indomitable patriot.

And that hatred has been highly crystallized through very sincere direct statements: “I often forget to eat at dinner, pat my pillow in the middle of the night; the intestines hurt like a cut, the tears were overflowing; only angry, not yet slaughtered and skinned, swallowed the liver and drank the blood of the enemy. Even if these hundred bodies are left to dry in the grass, and these thousand bodies are wrapped in horse skins, I will be pleased.”

The author directly expressed an uncompromising attitude towards the enemy to spread fire to the soldiers under his command, creating a strong and resilient sound. At the same time, it shows the author’s point of view on patriotism as well as the noble purpose that the post is aiming for: patriotism must be fought, the enemy must be destroyed to protect the border.

And to turn patriotism into ideals and right actions, the author condemned and criticized the wrong attitudes and actions of the generals and pointed out the right actions that they should do. The author has clearly drawn the line between the two paths of right and wrong to convince the generals.

From the author’s point of view, seemingly small deeds, including cockfighting, gambling, hunting, etc., are deviant behaviors and are manifestations of hedonistic habits, especially in the context of the country facing the threat of invasion.

The novelty in this article is that the author has set out the relationship between the nation and the family, between the common and the private: the fief, the perks are gone; family, wife and children are miserable, broken but society, ancestors are trampled: clearly showing the point of view of the country losing the house. Therefore, the right thing that each person should do is to take care of “practicing bows and arrows, so that good people like Bang Mong, the family is Hau Nghe” to protect the country.

With patriotism and the heart of a responsible general, Tran Quoc Tuan wrote an extremely emotional, but at the same time very fierce, strong spirit of liberation and struggle against the enemy. foreign invaders. The spirit of determination to win becomes the backbone linking the parts of the lesson, creating an organic and unified connection.

In Vietnamese literature, there are works that were born to become immortal literary works of the same era, experiencing many storms of time but still having their values ​​intact to this day. Along with the works Nam Quoc Son Ha, Binh Ngo Dai Cao, and Hich generals by Tran Quoc Tuan are also a work, an immortal writing for life. So what created that vitality?

Hich General Hich is an ancient discourse of Vietnamese medieval literature, written in the mid-XNUMXth century, before the second resistance war against Mong Nguyen. The author of Hich was an outstanding general of the Tran dynasty, the general of the resistance war at that time.

With the responsibility entrusted by the nation on his shoulders, with burning patriotic enthusiasm, Tran Quoc Tuan burned with a noble aspiration: to defeat the enemy, to keep the country in peace. In order to ignite the fire of patriotism and encourage the will to fight among the three generals, Tran Quoc Tuan issued an appeal to the generals with an immortal song Hich: Du Chu Tu Tu Hic Van – also known as Hich General Hich. literature, heroic literature of all times.

First of all, let’s learn about the hiccup genre, which is an ancient form of writing that generals, kings or leaders of an organization, a movement use to call on people to enthusiastically fight against evil. destroy the enemy. Hich is usually written in quaternary style, sometimes in prose or hexagonal poetry.

An essay is usually structured in three main parts: the first part: states an ethical or political principle as an ideological and theoretical basis; middle part: stating the remarkable situation (usually telling the enemy); the last part: states the solution and the call to fight. After writing the hich, it was usually put into the hich tube and transmitted by messengers everywhere. If it’s urgent, there’s usually a bunch of chicken feathers on the top of the hose (hence why it’s called a dance).

The opening paragraph of Tran Quoc Tuan has set an example of heroes, loyal martyrs who gave their all for the country and lost their lives. In other words, the author is raising the moral principle, the theoretical and ideological basis to encourage his soldiers. Those loyal martyrs were “Ki Tin died in lieu of him, saving Cao De; Do Vu gave his back to bear the spear, protecting Chieu Vuong; Du Nhuong swallowed coal, avenging the owner; Than Khoai cut his hand to save the country.

Dear Duc, a young man who supported Thai Tong to escape the siege of Thai Sung; Cao Khanh is a distant servant, scolding Loc Son, not following the scheme of the bandits.” It can be said that Tran Quoc Tuan’s argument is very easy to understand, concise and concise. He said that martial arts generals couldn’t understand, but he used actual proofs to let them understand. And from these things, considering the time they were born, they must also be responsible for the existence of the country.

In the next paragraph, the author exposed and denounced the crimes committed by the enemy to our country, through which he expressed his deep patriotism and hatred for the enemy. Their crimes were stated by Tran Quoc Tuan: “Seeing enemy envoys striding across the street, bending the tongue of a kite owl to scold the court, using the body of a dog and goat to bully the vizier, defeating Kublai Khan’s command to demand jade silk, in order to satisfy his endless greed, pretending to be Yunnan Vuong collected gold and silver, to dredge up limited stock. It’s like feeding a hungry tiger with meat, so that no future disaster will happen!”

It is a series of crimes committed by the enemy, through the images of “struggling in the middle of the road” “slamming the court” and our plots have clearly revealed their crimes and plots. Not only that, the author also shows his disdain for them through images such as “bullying fathers with goats and dogs”. At the same time, the author continued to express his personal patriotism and hatred for the enemy. “I often forget to eat at mealtimes, pat my pillow in the middle of the night, my intestines hurt like a cut, and my eyes are filled with tears; only angry can not discharge meat, skinning, eating liver, drinking blood of enemies; Even though a hundred of my bodies are left to dry in the grass, and a thousand of them are wrapped in horse skins, I will still do it.”

Those firm words seemed to echo a hatred to the climax of his enemy, the author had but when he forgot to eat, tears were flowing, his intestines were painful, and Tran Quoc Tuan’s strong will and determination. also shows that hatred. Even if I had to expose the body on the battlefield, I would like to do it to drive away the invaders.

After stating the love between the marshal and the general, Tran Quoc Tuan criticized the wrong actions of the generals and soldiers, and affirmed what actions should be taken to awaken self-awareness, responsibility, and self-reflection. themselves to regulate the thoughts and actions of the generals. The author points out that loss is better than justice in the army, when hungry, they give food, when they go to sea, they give boats and horses for walking… but now the master is humiliated but the army does not know how to take care.

The author continues to point out the deviations in the army to warn soldiers. Those deviations are that some people are addicted to alcohol, gambling, are attached to their wives and children, work in fields and gardens to provide for their families, while others are greedy for hunting and doing military work. Those are all deviations in the army that are very worrisome if suddenly the Nguyen Mong invaders come, but that deviation, can that job save the country?

Until then, the wife and children will no longer be attached to them, the country is not theirs, but the dirty reputation will be left behind forever, when it is time to be happy or not. From there, Tran Quoc Tuan raised the things that need to be done right now, which is to focus on military training and follow the Binh Thu Teo strategy to drive the Mongols away.

And that means that their loved ones or their pleasures will still be there, it’s not too late to be happy. “You guys have been with me for a long time, guarding the military power, (…) when the battle broke out. then we live and die together, when we are at home, we laugh together. ” , “At that time, I will be arrested with you, how painful!

Not only is my fief gone, but your perks are gone; Not only will my family be destroyed, but also your wives and children; Not only our ancestors’ communes have been trampled, but your parents’ graves have also been uprooted. . . “. From those words, we can see that Tran Quoc Tuan was very clever with his good reproaches as well as teaching his soldiers.

But there are times when the words are not like that of a general, but more like someone in the same situation as them. It can be seen that the author is a talented general who understands all the joys and sorrows of soldiers so that he can correct them. Before deviations are like reproaches, but then not as punishments as beheading or beatings, but just advice. That contributed to the soldiers not losing anyone but also gaining people’s hearts, taking strong measures now only makes people more disrespectful.

In short, whether it is an admonition to show more truth or a stern warning, it is also intended to arouse the sense of responsibility and duty of generals and soldiers to the village of Xa Tac, all towards the goal of calling for solidarity. synergy to destroy the invaders, deal with the enemy. The art in the card also gives great persuasion to the card.

It is the art of comparing and contrasting the enemy’s overbearing arrogance and dogmatic nature. Simultaneously, with a serious tone like reproach, scolding, sometimes gentle in the same situation, sometimes as earnest as a sentiment, sometimes resounding as if expressing hatred for the enemy to bring unexpected effects to the audience. soldiers.

All those content and art have brought immortality and success to this writing. Not only that, it was also because of the persuasion of the defense’s words, the emotional thoughts of Tran Quoc Tuan that awakened the soldiers to help them wake up and focus on the daily practice of military tactics. Then came to an expected and good result that was a glorious victory over the Mongols.

Referring to Hung Dao Vuong Tran Quoc Tuan, we are referring to a mighty general, talented in martial arts and has great merit in the war of resistance against the victorious Nguyen Mong army. It can be said that he is a testament to the convergence of Dong A’s spirit of the Tran dynasty. Anticipating the Nguyen army’s determination to avenge the second invasion, the Duke of moderation Hung Dao Vuong took the initiative to open a large military parade in East Thang Long in September 9 and published the Hich “Duc Chu” “Hit General Hic Van” (ie Hich General Soldier).

The purpose of the post is to encourage and call upon the patriotism and fighting will of the generals and soldiers of the Tran Dynasty to join forces to stand up against the invaders; at the same time, he called on the generals and soldiers to study hard to study the book “Binh Gia Miraculously” (Binh Gia Compendium) compiled by himself to prepare for the second war against the Yuan army. Bai Hich not only has important historical value but also is a unique medieval literary work of Ly – Tran poetry of that period.

Hich is an ancient form of discourse, often used by kings, generals or leaders of a movement to promote, persuade or call to fight against enemies inside and outside the country. Hich is often written in the form of bien-duan prose, with a tight structure, sharp arguments, convincing evidence, and an eloquent voice.

The general structure of Hich’s essay usually consists of four parts, but it can still be flexibly changed to suit the author’s purpose and art of argument. The lesson “Historians” has flexible creations in structure, including two parts: problem statement and problem solving. Although written in Hich style, this is an excellent political essay, with heartfelt lyrics, expressive and lyrical images.

At the beginning of Hich, with a conversational tone, the author raised a series of examples of “loyal loyalists” who bravely sacrificed themselves for the country and for the master in history from the ancient past (Han, Tang Dynasty). ) to “recently” (Tong, Nguyen) that everyone knows. This way of setting an example, on the one hand, increases the persuasiveness of a truth common in society at all times: in every life, there are martyrs and martyrs who are willing to give up their lives for the sake of the country; and at the same time affect the perception of the generals: arouse the sense of loyalty, skillfully remind of the duties and responsibilities of men born in wartime.

In the next paragraph, the author points out the current situation of the country, from pointing out bright examples in history books. With a sad, painful, indignant voice, he recreated the events that were happening in our country under the invading horses of the Mongol army, making any patriotic people feel pity. .

Seeing messengers striding across the street, bending the tongue of a kite owl to scold the court, bullying the father with the body of a dog and goat, falling for Kublai Khan’s command, asking for jade and silk, to satisfy his endless greed, pretending to be a hypocrite. Yunnan Vuong collected silver and gold, to dredge up the limited stock. It’s like feeding a hungry tiger with meat, so that you don’t let disaster happen later!”

Readers can easily see that, under the author’s pen, he has animalized the portrait and nature of the enemies, making them appear both cowardly and cowardly, greedy and selfish, barbaric and cruel. evil to the point of loss of humanity. The lyrics are full of resentment and anger to the climax, revealing the determined attitude of not sharing the sky with the enemy and hiding behind the fighting spirit, the fierce patriotism, the stubbornness of the general. army leader.

Tran Quoc Tuan’s passionate patriotism is most clearly expressed in two sentences: “I often forget to eat at mealtimes, pat my pillow in the middle of the night; my intestines are aching like cuts, tears are pouring out; I’m just angry and haven’t released my flesh yet. skin, swallow liver, drink enemy blood. Even if these hundred bodies are left to dry in the grass, and these thousand bodies are wrapped in horse skin, I am satisfied.”

Sentences are written in the form of bilingual prose, short sentences, long and double waves, combined with a fast-paced and urgent tone, showing hatred for the enemy, heroic spirit and fighting spirit. author’s strength. He vowed to sacrifice himself, not regretting his own life, to live and die for the country. We read here a high level of civic responsibility, a strong will and aspiration for meritorious deeds of a man with a noble and sacred ideal of life and fighting: to decide to die for the country.

Next, the author aroused his affection for the generals. It can be said that for the generals and soldiers under his command, Tran Quoc Tuan appeared as a great father who wholeheartedly cares, loves, protects, and cares: “… if you don’t wear it, you will give it to us. If we don’t have food, we give rice; if we don’t have food, we will get promoted; if we don’t get paid, we will give them a scholarship; if we go to the water, we will give the boat, when we walk, we will give the horse.”

Even in chaos, they share, bear dangers, live and die together; In peacetime, we laugh together. That love affair was compared to Vuong Cong Kien and Cot Dai Ngot Lang back in the day. This is Tran Quoc Tuan’s ingenious way, when he took out the word “Love” to wake up the soldiers, thereby reminding them to have a sense of responsibility and responsibility for the master, my king.

After talking about the “god’s religion”, the author turned to criticize and reproach the indifferent and irresponsible attitudes and actions of the generals and soldiers before the dangerous situation of the country and their masters. He analyzed and pointed out a lot of selfish personal enjoyment, only knowing how to avoid responsibility for the country of generals: looking at the owner’s humiliation without knowing how to worry, seeing the country’s shame but not being ashamed. As a court general, he had to serve the enemy without knowing his anger; listening to Thai music often to treat the puppet porcelain but don’t know how to hate.

Either taking cockfighting for fun, or taking gambling as entertainment, or enjoying the garden, being attached to his wife and children… From that, the author points out two opposite scenarios. Firstly, if the generals and soldiers continue to have indifferent and irresponsible attitudes and actions towards the country’s destiny, they will lose their land assets, their wives and children’s families will be separated, their ancestors will be destroyed. sidelong; Not only life is not preserved, but reputation is unclean forever.

But on the contrary, if the generals and soldiers train hard, “practice bows and arrows, making people as good as Bang Mong, the family is Hou Nghe”, not only will they be able to repay the debt of the country and their enemies. at the vacated gate, rotten the flesh of Yunnan Vuong in Cao Nhai) but also brought benefits to the hundred families, themselves, and their families forever (My fief will forever be strong; and your fortunes will last forever. enjoy life; not only will my family be warm and cozy, but your wives and children will also enjoy a hundred years of age… your names will be preserved in history books.)

The art of contrast has shown two opposing perspectives, Tran Quoc Tuan has let the generals and soldiers contemplate and reflect on the loss – gain, harm – gain, light – dark and choose their own path. respectable.

At the end of the article Hich, the author raised an educational thought, a profoundly correct perception, namely, “the main religion”. Patriotism and loyalty to the master must be expressed in actions, diligently practicing military tactics and practicing military letters. And if you are lazy, evade practice, and disobey your teachings, you are considered hostile.

This is not only a strong declaration of war against the enemy, but also a declaration of war, rejecting all thoughts of surrender and truce. Showing iron determination, strong fighting spirit, burning unchanging in talented general Tran Quoc Tuan.

In terms of art, it can be said that Hich has reached the exemplary level of political discourse. The art of rigorous reasoning, sharp reasoning, persuasive evidence, layering, in ascending order until the end of the work. The tone of voice changes flexibly: sometimes gently conversing with intimate feelings (paragraph 1); when resentful, resentful, angry (paragraph 2); sometimes generous and cheerful (paragraph 3); sometimes strict, tough (paragraph 3 and last).

In addition, the song Hich also cleverly uses literary prose with rhythmically proportioned pairs of sentences, posting consecutive responses in the text, helping the ideas to be skillfully juggled, tightly tied, leading to the conclusion. leads the reader to the writer’s ultimate goal. The repetition, enumeration combined with rhetorical questions increases the expressive power of the lesson.

Besides, the language of anti-hich images is also very rich, vivid, and evocative (when talking about the enemy, the author uses materialized language: bending the tongue of the owl, bringing the body of a goat and a dog, bringing meat that cannot be eaten. feed hungry tigers…). And in the article, the author also uses a lot of classics and classics that are easy to understand, harmonious, natural… All of which have contributed to the success of Hich’s lesson.

In short, “Hich General Soldier” is a document that not only has historical significance: reflects the nation’s passionate patriotism in the resistance war against the invading Yuan Mongols, shows hatred for the enemy, the determination to fight and win of our army and people in the defense of our borders and borders, but the text is also a literary work, an exemplary and masterful political essay, very deserving of the title of “a heaven of heaven” ancient heroic literature” of eternity.