Guadarrama Tunnel
Guadarrama is a railway tunnel across the Sierra de Guadarrama, along the Madrid – Valladolid highway in Spain. The tunnel consists of two pipes. The western pipes are 28.407 meters long, and the eastern ones are 28.418 meters long. This is Spain’s longest tunnel and was opened in December 12. This tunnel is used by AVE high-speed trains. This is a new north-south railway that will facilitate communication between Meseta and the northern part of the peninsula, across the Guadarrama mountain range.
The project includes the construction of blocks 3 and 4 of this tunnel through the construction of two parallel tunnels from the two northern gates on the route, 13,3 km long for block 3 and 15,8 km long for lot 4. The tunnel is designed for an operating speed of 350 km/h considering aerodynamics and comfort criteria. Guadarrama Tunnel installation of single track without ballast and ventilation, lighting, telephone, signaling, public address, fire detection and extinguishing and electrical systems, plus all safety measures during operation. This work posed a great engineering, engineering and construction challenge, becoming the sixth longest railway tunnel in Europe, seventh in the world and second in Spain after the Guadarrama tunnel.
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Cho La Tunnel
Cho La Tunnel The length of about 7km is located right on the 2.415 km long Sichuan – Tibet highway connecting the Chengdu (Sichuan) region in the east with the Lhasa (Tibet) region in the west. Built at an altitude of about 4.230 – 4.380 m above sea level, this tunnel will become the tallest tunnel in the world. Expected to build in 4 years with a total cost of up to 172 million USD, when completed, this tunnel will help shorten the time to cross Cho La mountain from more than two hours to 10 minutes. The two-way tunnel has a speed limit of 40 km/h, going through Cho La Mountain on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau takes about 7km with more than 5km of side roads.
Located in the Cho La Mountains, western Sichuan province, China, Tunnel on Mount Cho La is said to be one of the tallest vehicular tunnels in the world at an average height of 4.378 meters above sea level. The tunnel, also known as the Que’ershan Tunnel, cuts through the Cho La Mountains. Its surface is asphalt. The tunnel opened to traffic on September 26, 9, 2017 years after the project started, above Mount Que’ershan, in the Shalulia Mountains, 15 meters above sea level.
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English Channel Tunnel
English Channel Tunnel is a 50,45km long railway tunnel beneath the English Sea in the Strait of Dover, connecting Folkestone, Kent in England with Coquelles near Calais in northern France. This was considered a grand project with many false starts, but was finally successful in 1994. This tunnel is operated by Eurotunnel. In this tunnel there are fast passenger trains, vehicle transport or international freight trains. In 1996, the American Society of Civil Engineers rated this tunnel as one of the 7 wonders of the modern world.
The ideas of a permanent tunnel connecting the two coasts had been around as early as 1802, but pressure from British politicians and the British press over national security issues delayed those efforts. construction efforts. However, the project English Channel Tunnel finally succeeded and started construction in 1988, put into operation in 1994. The cost of the project has exceeded the estimate by 80%. Since its construction, this tunnel has faced many very serious problems. Fires have delayed the tunnel’s operation. Unauthorized immigrants used the tunnel to enter the UK causing a diplomatic disagreement over the location of the Sangatte refugee camp, which was eventually closed in 2002, but after repairs were made. it worked again near the end of 2008.
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Koralm Tunnel
Koralm is a railway tunnel still under construction in Austria located in the Koralpe Mountains. It is expected to start operating in 2022. The planned tunnel will be 32,9km long and will be Austria’s longest railway tunnel. It runs to a depth of up to 1.250 m below ground level. The tunnel, called Koralm, will consist of two tunnels running parallel and linked together every 500 meters. An emergency stop in the middle of the tunnel was included in the construction schedule.
More than 800 people and three tunnel boring machines were used in the construction Koralm . tunnel. This is the world’s first tunnel boring machine that can be used continuously in rock harder than 17km. Work on a railway called Koralm connecting Graz and Klagenfurt in Austria, which is operating at full capacity, is 90% completed. This 130km railway is one of the most important transport infrastructure projects in Europe. It is part of the new Southern Line and thus an essential part of the Baltic-Adriatic corridor. The railway represented a decisive structural improvement, especially for southern Austria as a place of business. The shortest travel time between Graz and Klagenfurt will be reduced from the current three hours to just 45 minutes.
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Lotschberg Tunnel
Lotschberg Tunnel located about 400m below the Lotschberg River that cuts through the Swiss Alps, started operation in June 2007. The construction of this tunnel is intended to ease the flow of trucks on Swiss roads. It reduces travel time for German tourists to Switzerland vacationing and skiing and cuts travel time from Valais to Bern by only 50%. Total estimated cost is €4,3 billion (as of 2007, adjusted for 1998).
Building Lotschberg tunnel Crossing the Alps can be considered another engineering feat of the Swiss transport network. The Lotschberg Line was the first of two major railway lines aimed at transferring transplanetary transport from road to rail. Switzerland spent $26,5 billion on two new facility tunnels in both Lotschberg and Gotthard with the aim of completing a project called the New Rail Link over the Alps. It will form the first north-south high-speed rail line across the Alps and in the coming years will be the only line to do so.
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The Brenner Tunnel
The Brenner Tunnel The plan is to be 55km long and pass through the Alps. It will run from Austria’s Innsbruck Hauptbahnhof to Italy’s Franzens Feste (Fortezza), replacing part of the existing railway. The Brenner Pass border, located right in the Alps between Austria and Italy, is one of the most important transport routes between northern and southern Europe, the highway passing through this tunnel is often closed. serious traffic congestion. Pollution from traffic is also a major concern. It is hoped that the tunnel will help alleviate this situation with the measure to significantly improve the railway between North Tyrol and South Tyrol with the new tunnel that will allow trains to travel through the Alps in a shorter time.
Currently, the speed of traffic in the area Burner almost no route exceeds 70 km/h because of the slope of the existing roads, crossing the pass at a very dangerous height. The project is funded by Austria and Italy with contributions from the European Union. It will certainly be the second longest tunnel in the world, after the Gotthard tunnel. It is known that funding to date will still not be enough for the estimated cost. The tunnel is expected to be completed by 2.
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Seikan Tunnel
Seiken is a 53.85km long railway tunnel in Japan, along with a length of about 23.3km underground. Survey work began in 1946 and 25 years later in 1971 the construction began. In August 8, the remaining 1982m tunnels were also dug. The two sides of the tunnel were met in 700. Tsugaru Strait has two narrowest places in the east and west with a width of 1983km. The first surveys carried out in 20 showed that the seabed depth at the eastern strait was up to 1946m deep with the geology being mainly volcanic. The eastern isthmus has a maximum depth of 200 m and the geology is mainly Neogene sedimentary rocks. Therefore, the western isthmus was chosen for the construction of the tunnel.
Seikan Tunnel connects the main Japanese island of Honshu with neighboring northern Hokkaido . The Seikan Tunnel is the second longest tunnel in the world, after the Gotthard Base tunnel in Switzerland. The geology of the seabed, which is mostly tunneled through, consists of debris rock, volcanic rock, and sedimentary rock. Geology can be divided into 3 parts as follows: Honshū island side consists of volcanic rocks (resin andesite, basalt); the Hokkaidō side consists of sedimentary rocks (tuff, Tertiary mudstone); and the middle part consists of the Kuromatsu Nai stratigraphy. The intrusive and fractured rocks crushed the rocks, making tunneling difficult, but it was finally completed in 1982.
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Gotthard’s Tunnel
Gotthard’s Tunnel is actually a cellar located right under the Swiss Alps. With a length of about 57 km, it is considered the longest tunnel in the world, longer than Japan’s Seikan undersea tunnel. The Gotthard Tunnel connects the two cities of Erstfeld and Bodio Switzerland. The tunnel has two single tunnels and each tunnel is a track. Gotthard Tunnel is about 2,3km deep under the mountains and through rock formations that can reach 46 degrees Celsius. Engineers had to dig and break all 73 different types of rock, including some hard as granite.
More than 28 million tons of stone have been moved to another place and 9 workers died during construction Gotthard tunnel. It is known that about 2.600 people were involved in the design and construction of the tunnel. The tunnel traffic control system was completely renovated between 2003 and 2005 by SWARCO’s former subsidiary Weiss-Electronic GmbH. During the implementation of some extensive work, the traffic control system was prepared for integration into the operational management of the states of Tessin (TI), Nidwalden (NW) and Uri (UR) with the next BLE network integration of all traffic computers.
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West Qinling Tunnel
West Qinling Tunnel is part of a railway from Lanzhou to Chongqing, China that opened in late 2014. This line is about 820 km long connecting Gansu province (Lanzhou) with southwestern Chongqing, which is a city. city with more than 35 million people. The tunnel will be used for freight transport and link Longnan city with the towns of Waina, Luotang and Fengxiang in Gansu province. The new railway line has been built at a cost of 11,3 billion USD, it will shorten the transit time from 17,5 hours to only 6,5 hours and allow an annual transit output of about 100 million ton. Trains will pass here at 160 kilometers per hour and a daily maximum of 50 trains.
In January 1, China Railway signed a contract with Robbins for the supply of two 2009 m diameter main girder machines for construction West Qinling Tunnel. Two 16,6 km long tunnels will be dug through the Qinling Mountains. Two Robbins TBMs achieved world-record speeds in extreme conditions. The West Qinling Tunnel has achieved a world record construction speed under extremely difficult conditions. Despite the difficult conditions and the limestone having a high quartz content, only about 100 cutters were changed. By 2013, both machines had made their final digs and cuts in the tunnels.
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Taihang Tunnel
Taihang Tunnel China’s longest mountain railway tunnel. The Taihang Tunnel, located in the Taihang Mountains in China, is the fifth longest railway tunnel in the world. This is essentially a double tunnel, which has been built to allow Shitai passengers to pass through the Taihang Mountains. This tunnel is 27,8km long. It was completed on December 22, 12. After being put into operation, the travel time from Shijiazhuang to Taiyuan was reduced from nearly six hours to one hour.
The Taihang Mountains extend for more than 400 km from north to south and range in elevation from 1.500m to 2.000m. The twin-pipe tunnel was built as part of the Shijiazhuang railway project to cross the Taihang Mountains. Taihang Tunnel passes through the main ridge of the Taihang mountain range with a maximum coverage of 445m. The tunnel on the left is 27,893m long while the tunnel on the right is 27,848m long. The distance between the two pipes of the tunnel is 35m. The Taihang Tunnel was designed by Poyry.
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